/ 



C^7 



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GETTYSBURG: 



WHAT TO SEE, AND HOW TO SEE IT. 



EMBODYING FULL INFORMATION FOR VISITING THE FIELD. 



BEAUTIFULLY EMBELLISHED fl'ITlI ^VOOD-CUTS. 



WITH COMPLETE INDEX. 



ILLUSTRATED BY THE ISOMETRICAL DRAWING OF THE GETTYSBURG BATTLE-FIEI.D 
SHOWING THE POSITIOX OF EVERY REGIMENT AND BATTERY OF BOTH ARMIES. 



BY 

JOHN B. BACHELDER, 

AUTHOR OP THE ISOMETRICAL DRAWING OF TUB GETTYSBURG BATTI.E-FIELD, BESCRIPTIVS 

KEY TO PAINTING OP LONGSTREET'S ASSAULT AT GETTYSBURG, HISTORICAL 

DESIGNER OP THE PAINTINGS OP THE BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG, 

DESIGNER OF THE HISTORICAL PAINTING OF THE 

LAST HOURS OF LINCOLN, ETC., ETC. 



I. 



BOSTON: ^^ 

JOHN B. BACHELDER, PUBLISHER, 

149 WASHINGTON STREET, 
(OPPOSITE THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH.) 

NEW YORK: 
LEE, SHEPARD, & DILLINGHAM, 

49 Greene Street. 

1873. 






Kntered, acccrding to Act of CoDgress, in the year 1873, by 

John 13. Bachelder, 
lu the Office of the Librari.in of Congress, at Washington 



RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: 

STEREOTrPED AND PRINTED BY 

B. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 



PREFACE. 



The work herewith presented has been prepared to 
meet a popular demand. During a recent visit to 
Gettysburg, the writer became impressed with the ne- 
cessity for a book from which visitors could gain reliable 
information regarding the battle, and directions for 
visiting the field, independently of the fanciful tales of 
local guides, who, with the best intentions, are liable to 
be imposed upon by vainglorious heroes, whose vivid 
descriptions they have no means to disprove. It will 
also make a valuable souvenir for those who would ex- 
plain to others the intricacies of this important battle. 
It is not intended as a history, but may rather be con- 
sidered as an introduction to the history now in course 
of preparation. It will also serve as a useful key to the 
Isometrical Drawing of the battle-field, a copy of 
which it contains. Many of the illustrations with 
wliich it is embellished were sketched from local 
scenery, while others have been kindly furnished by 
the publishers of some of the best illustrated works 



vi PREFACE. 

in America : " Forest Scenes," published by Hurd & 
Houghton ; " The Artist's Sketch Book," by G. P. Put- 
nam & Sons ; Longfellow's " Poems," by James R. 
Osgood & Co., and others. 

JOHN B. BACHELDER. 
June 1 1873. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Routes to Gettysburg 4 

Gettysburg — Civil History 6 

The Battle-field 9 

Compass-face Guide 14 

Visiting the Field 15 

Where and how shall I go ? 17 

Preparation for the Excursion ... 18 

Historical Reflections ... 19 

Theological Seminary 21 

Union Troops . . .... ... 22-24 

The Advance 23 

Oak Hill 30 

East Cemetery Hill 37 

Cemetery Hill 44 

Cemetery Hill from the Summit . 4^) 

Bringing up tiih Troops 49 

Confederate Troops 51 

Engagemknt July 3 .53 

The Battle-field and its Surroundings 56 

Carriage Drives 58 

Seminary Ridge . 60 

McPherson's Ridge 61 

Herr's Ridge 62 

Marsh Creek . 63 

A Charming Resort 65 

Bream's Tavern 67 

Bream's IVJill 68 

Sulphur Spring ... 69 

Harrisburg Road 70 



Yin CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Hospital Hill 73 

York Street 74 

The Eailroad 76 

Drive to Eound Top 77 

Peach Orchard 81 

Wheat Field — Devil's Den 83 

Round Top 84 

Vincent's Spur — Little Round Top 85 

Second Day's Engagement 86 

The Return 92 

Excursion to Gulp's Hill 93 

Stevens' Knoll 94 

Assault of Hates' and Hokes' Brigades 94 

Gulp's Hill 96 

Rock Greek 98 

Over Benner's Hill to Wolf Hill 100 

Wolf Hill 101 

Marsh Creek 103 

Directions to Visitors 105 

Springs Hotel — Gupola 106 

Springs Hotel — Veranda 108 

Katalysine Springs 109 

Soldiers' National Gemetert 110 

National Monument 115 

The Reynolds Statue 118 

Theological Seminary 121 

Pennsylvania Gollege 122 



GETTYSBURG. 




with 



O Time ! thou beautifier of the dead, — 
A-dovner of the ruin, — comforter 

And only healer when the heart hath bled, — 
Time ! the corrector when our judgments err, 
The test of truth, love, — sole philosopher ! — Byron. 



HE fanciful Theogony of the an- 
cient Greeks, if our recollection 
is not at fault, furnished no god 
to represent Time. Night, Day, 
Sleep, Dreams, Woe, Discord, Youth, 
Old Age, had their representative 
deities, but Time, the most won- 
derful and powerful of all agencies 
in the world, seemed to defy poetic 
ingenuity. We are not without classi- 
cal symbols, however, to represent the 
eternal builder and destroyer. The 
winged, bald, and beard-flowing figure, 
scythe and hour-glass, has admonished the race 




2 GETTYSBURG. 

— ^^ Tempiis fvgif — of the flight of Thne for ages; 
of the changes, constant and inevitable, occurring in 
all things of earth. Of all these infinite risings, 
buildings, and crumblings, but few are saved from 
utter oblivion. Things vast, marvelous, and signally 
distinguished, are rescued from the general wreck, 
and preserved for the continued study and teaching 
of our race. All else is utterly forgotten and lost. 
Men seek out these, travelling from remote regions 
to gaze, and to learn the stories they teach; and the 
historian makes the record which preserves the les- 
son and points its moral. None of the great events 
which distinguish epochs in history, fix such in- 
delible fame upon localities as do mighty battles. 
The renown which ever gives lustre to some signal 
victory, passes into perpetual story, and is read with 
increased interest by succeeding generations. No 
tourist considers his study of countries complete un- 
less the famous fields of historical battles, near 
which he may be, are visited and studied. 

The Battle of Gettysburg — equal in magnitude, 
in gallantry and desperation of the combatants, in 
human slaughter, and in the vast interests which 
hung upon the issue, to any recorded in history 

— has brought the name of Gettysburg from rural 
obscurity, to world-wide celebrity. The traveller 
now studies the towering eminences, the rocky ra- 



MEMORIES OF THE BATTLE. 3 

vines, the woody coverts, the open fields, the mean- 
dering waters, and all the vast region over which de- 
struction and death held carnival for three long days, 
with an intensity of interest which the simple charms 
of nature never would have aroused. And thus it 
will continue to be for centuries to come. Hither 
came hostile armies, from States far remote, to de- 
stroy and subdue ; and here, too, came the patriotic 
soldiers of the Union, to defend the soil and to pre- 
serve our government. Here, those who should have 
met in concord and peace stood in desperate and 
deadly struggle, drenching the land and the waters 
with human gore, and covering the whole battle-field 
with the wounded and the dead. There are per- 
sons who talk of forgetting that field of slaughter. 
But will those Avho fought that day forget it ? Will 
those who had lost, or those who had won, when the 
bugles sounded their closing blasts over the third 
day's fight at Gettysburg, forget that hour? Those 
who were in the calm of home peace, when the billows 
of^Longstreet's fearful charge broke in wild disorder 
and defeat, may think it very pretty sentimentalism 
to talk about forgetting that supreme moment ; but 
the brave men who marched in that great column, 
and the gallant soldiers of the Union who met and 
overwhelmed it, can now sit upon the spot in ami- 
cable cordiality, and remember all about it. And it is 



4 GETTYSBURG. 

here, more than uj)on any other of the great battle- 
fields of that terrible war, that the veterans of the 
Army of the Potomac and the veterans of the Army 
of Northern Virgmia will meet to interchange gener- 
ous courtesies with their old adversaries in the long 
years to come ; for out from the ground where 
carnage and death swept their tens of thousands to 
wounds and the grave, there gushes healing water, 
said to possess wonderful virtues, to which the feeble,, 
the sick, and the weary resort for strength and rest. 
And thus, as the great multitude hasten to Gettys- 
burg for health or pleasure, the renowned battle-field 
will come to be as much a part of their aims as it 
would be if it was the plunging Niagara instead of 
the murmuring stream, whose fame had captivated 
them. 

EOUTES TO GETTYSBURG. 

Although there are many carriage roads leading 
into Gettysburg, there is but a single railroad. This 
branches from the Northern Central, which leads from 
Baltimore, through Harrisburg. The f)ohit of inter- 
section is at Hanover Junction, thirty miles from Get- 
tysburg. This road, bearing the name of the " Han- 
over Branch Eailroad," extends thirteen miles to 
Hanover ; thence, without change of cars, we con- 
tinue seventeen miles over the Susquehanna, Get- 
tysburg, and Potomac Railway, to Gettysburg. The 



ROUTES. 5 

principal routes of travel to this place are, from Wash- 
ington via Baltimore and Potomac Railway, Northern 
Central, to Hanover Junction ; thence to Gettysburg. 
From Baltimore, via Northern Central. From Phila- 
delphia, the usual route is via Pennsylvania Central to 
Lancaster, Columbia and York to Hanover Junction. 
From New York, the route via Philadelphia may be 
selected ; or the Oentral New Jersey, via Easton, Al- 
lentown, and Reading, to Harrisburg ; thence by the 
Northern Central to Hanover Junction. From the 
North and West, Harrisburg must first be reached. 




GETTYSBURG. 



CIVIL HISTORY. 



Until the 19th of May, 1729, the territory of 
Gettysburg was embraced in Chester County ; the 
three original counties of the State being Philadel- 
phia, Bucks, and Chester. Lancaster County, which 
included the territory of Gettysburg, was formed at 
that date ; and the 19th of August, 1749, the county 
of York was created, which embraced the territory 
west of the Susquehanna River to the top of the South 
Mountain, and south to the Maryland line. From the 
western part of York a new county was formed on the 
22d of January, 1800, called Adams, of which Gettys- 
burg is the county seat. Its products are almost 
entirely agricultural. The southern boundary line of 
Adams, embraced in the line between Pennsylvania 
and Maryland, was surveyed in the years 1767-68, by 
Mason and Dixon, commissioned by the British crown 
to settle the disputed line between the proprietors of 
Pennsylvania and Maryland. The nearest point is 
seven miles south of Gettysburg. 

Near the year 1780, James Gettys, a Presbyterian of 
Scotch-Irish descent, settled on a tract of about one 
hundred and sixteen acres of land belontJi-inQ: to the 
Penn family. It was in the " Mask Manor," * being one 
of the manors given by the General Assembly of Penn- 

* In the original Penn deeds this was written Masque. 



CIVIL HISTORY. 7 

sylvan ia, after the Revolution, to the heirs of William 
Penn. 

On the 10th of January, 1786, James Getty s had a 
plot made of the town, and gave it the name it now 
bears. 

He made a lottery of the town lots, and in the deeds 
they were all conveyed, subject to a ground-rent of 
seven shillings sixpence annually, to be paid to the 
proprietor, and his heirs or assigns. 

When the county was created, a contest arose be- 
tween Gettysburg and two other places for the county 
seat, and to secure it here, James Gettys conveyed to 
the commissioners nearly all of the ground-rents, which 
the county still holds and annually collects. 

The first court was held by Hon. John Joseph 
Henry, in the winter of 1800-1, in the dwelling-house 
of James Gettys, still standing in the rear of Mc- 
Clellan's Hotel. A court-house was afterward built 
in the " square," which remained until 1857, when the 
present court-house was completed and the old one 
removed. 

For nearly twenty-five years, Thaddeus Stevens was 
a citizen of Gettysburg. He read law in York while 
teaching ; was admitted to practice November 14, 
1816, and removed immediately to Gettysburg. In 
1840 he changed his residence to Lancaster. While in 
Gettysburg he was one of its most active and efficient 



8 GETTYSBURG. 

citizens. He was a zealous advocate of education, and 
may justly be called the father of the present common- 
school system in this State ; having formed and pro- 
cured the passage of the act, one of the greatest works 
of his life, while representing the county in the State 
Legislature. He also procured the charter and founded 
" Pennsylvania College," located at Gettysburg. This 
will be noticed hereafter, as will the Theological Semi- 
nary also located here. 

The town of Gettysburg was created into a borough 
in 1806. It is regularly laid out, the streets crossing 
each other at right angles, according to the four cardi- 
nal points of the compass. It is the centre of eleven 
different roads, which radiate from it like the spokes of 
a wheel from a common centre, which rendered this 
locality one of peculiar significance as a military 
strategic point. The turnpikes leading from Pitts- 
burg to Philadelphia and Baltimore, once important 
thoroughfares, bifurcate at Gettysburg. In 1858, a 
railroad was finished from Hanover to Gettysburg, 
which is the present terminus, in continuation of 
the Hanover Branch Railroad, which intersects the 
Northern Central at Hanover Junction, thirty miles 
distant from Gettysburg. The population of the 
borough is about 3,200, the county numbers 35,000. 

1 Many will consider it a singular coincidence that the battle to decide 
the fate of human liberty should have been fought on land partly owned 
by Thaddeus Stevens, the great champion of freedom. 



THE BATTLE-FIELD. 



THE BATTLE-FIELD. 



The battle-field of Gettysburg is a general term, 
embracing the village of Gettysburg and that portion 
of the surrounding country occupied by the contend- 
ing armies during the battle. The infantry opera- 
tions covering about twenty-five square miles, are 
embraced in the accompanying Isometrical Plan of 
the field. Much of the cavalry fighting was done 
outside of these limits. The country is generally 
open, and the surface rolling, though deep forests, 
high hills, and rocky ravines are not unfrequent. 
The geological formation, in this section of the coun- 
try, consists of a succession of undulations, commen- 
cing with the Blue Ridge, eight or ten miles away in 
the western horizon, and running generally parallel 
with it, in a northerly and southerly direction. 

The next of importance, east of the South Moun- 
tain, as affects the history of the battle, is Seminary 
Ridge, on which is situated the Lutheran Theological 
Seminary, in the western suburbs of the town. Pre- 
vious to the battle this was called Oak Ridge, a local 
name unknown to the soldiers who fought there. 
But in their camp-fire recital of the details of the 
fearful contest around this building, and in the home 
letters written immediately after, they naturally called 
it Seminaiy Ridge. This name, christened with fire 



10 GETTYSBURG. 

and baptized in blood, will be retained so long as 
Gettysburg is known as a battle-field. 

Seminary Ridge extends for several miles, and is 
crossed by all the roads which diverge from Gettys- 
burg toward the west, southwest, and northwest. 
That portion extending north from the Mummasburg 
road was occupied by EtveWs^ corps, and for conven- 
ience sake I shall retain for it the name of Oak Hill. 
As a defensive military position, this ridge possesses 
great advantages. It was held, from the first night 
of the battle, by the Confederate army, and heavy 
field-works were constructed along its crest on the 
nights of the od and 4th. From Oak Hill, b-i4,^ to 
its intersection with the Emmettsburg road, d-2, every 
available position was held by artillery. The alti- 
tude of Seminary Ridge is not as great as Cemetery 
Hill, E-12, and Ridge, occupied by Union artillery ; 
but its extended position, admitting of a converging 
fire upon any desired locality, more than balanced 
this defect. There are also several ridges between 
Seminary Ridge and the South Mountains, which will 
be alluded to hereafter. 

Cemetery Ridge is the next of importance toward 
the east. During the great convulsion, coeval with 

1 Names of officers of the Confederate army printed in " Italics," Union 
officers in Small Capitals. 

2 References to Isomf.trical Drawing. 



SEMINARY AND CEMETERY RIDGES. 11 

the birth of continents, the mighty Power by which 
this configuration was moulded seems to have been 
more caj)ricious in the formation of Cemetery Ridge 
than with its neighbors. This is marked by three 
distinct elevations, standing out in clear relief, like 
bastions on a rampart. Round Top, r. g-i, its ex- 
treme southern terminus, is seven eighths of a mile 
east from Seminary Ridge, and rises directly from 
the plains beyond, its wooded crest towering high 
above the surrounding country. From its northern 
face a bold shoulder protrudes, separated from the 
parent mount by a gentle depression, heavily wooded. 
This latter hill was nameless prior to the battle, but 
has since been known as Little Round Top, f-3 
(marked " Weed's Hill " on my plan, in honor of the 
officer who died in its defense). The western side 
was denuded of timber the year before, which added 
materially to its advantages as an artillery position.^ 
Returning from Little Round Top towards the larger 
hill is a rough, stony ridge, which I have called 
" Vincent's Spur." It was here the gallant officer 
bearing that name fell on the second day of the 
battle. 

Plumb Run, a small and unimportant stream, flows 

^ It is to be hoped that the bushes of ten years' growth will again be cut 
away, as they materially change the character of this part of the field, 
and almost completely obscure the magnificent view formerly had from its 
summit. 



12 GETTYSBURG. 

along the western base of these hills, and drains a 
marshy swale in front of Little Eound Top. West 
of this is a stony, precipitous undulation called 
Houck's Ridge, f-2, 3, along which the Third corps line 
of battle ran on July 3. The evidences are, that, 
by some mighty convulsion of nature, this ridge was 
rent asunder at its intersection with the base of 
Round Top, thereby draining an extensive body of 
water in front of Little Round Top. The gorge thus 
produced is called the Devil's Den, f-2, and presents a 
scene of the wildest character. Huge syenitic bould- 
ers are crowded into this narrow ravine, through 
which struggle the waters of Plumb Run ; while 
yawning chasms suggest to the visitor the haunts of 
the lurking sharp-shooters, who occupied them during 
the battle. 

From Little Round Top the ridge, depressed, yet 
well defined, rises gradually in its northern course 
to Cemetery Hill, where, obstructed by some unseen 
cause, it was hurled ruthlessly back to the east, and 
in convulsive throbs expended its force in the forma- 
tion of Gulp's Hill ; thus leaving a broad, extensive 
basin, northward from the Cemetery Hill, in which, 
upon a gentle elevation, is situated the village of Get- 
tysburg. Gulp's Hill, like Round Top, rests upon a 
foundation of syenite. It is irregular in shape, quite 
precipitous on its eastern face, and generally covered 



GULP'S, WOLF, BENNER'S, AND HOSPITAL HILLS. 13 

with a heavy open growth of hardy timber. Rock 
Creek separates it on the east from Wolf Hill. This, 
like the last, is wooded, but exceedingly rough, and 
formed the eastern boundary of the infantry opera- 
tions. Rock Creek meanders its course in a general 
southerly direction, among enormous boulders and 
through gentle fields, until it unites with Marsh 
Creek, a few miles south of Gettysburg, to form the 
Monocacy. 

A half mile north east from Culp's Hill, on the 
opposite side of Rock Creek, and a half mile east 
from town, another elevation commences, called Ben- 
ner's Hill, e-u. This ridge continues several miles in 
N.N.E. direction. Its highest summit is called Hospi- 
tal Hill, where a general hospital was located soon after 
the battle, d-is. Benner's Hill was occupied by Confed- 
erate artillery. Turning back again to the south 
side of the field, we find an undulation intermediate 
between Cemetery and Seminary Ridges, yet parallel 
with neither. It shoots off from Cemetery Hill, 
and, leading diagonally across the valley, intersects 
with Seminary Ridge at a distance of nearly three 
miles. The Emmettsburo; road is laid alono; this 
ridge, e-m. The historic Peach and Apple orchards are 
here, E-5, e-?, and on it General Sickles formed his line 
of battle on the second day. The foregoing constitute 
the (/mud topographical features of the battle-field. 



14 GETTYSBURG. 

These are again subdivided into minor irregularities, 
each bearing upon the general result of the battle ; 
but it will be impossible to describe them in a book 
of this size. 

^SS-FAC^ 




*'^^nj:i;:r^*'' 



THE COMPASS-FACE GUIDE. 

I have incorporated into this volume two features 
entirely new, that I may make it so thorough a Guide 
Book that any stranger, without other than these 
directions in his hands, can explore, and clearly com- 
prehend all the important localities and movements 
of the battle. First, I have devised and secured the 
above Compass-Face Guide, which will be inserted here- 
after in connection with descriptions of prominent lo- 
calities. By carefully consulting this, as the reader 
finds it presented from time to time, he will be 
at no loss in pursuing his studies. For example — 
if, standing upon East Cemetery Hill, you turn that 



COMPASS-FACE GUIDE. — ISOMETRICAL PLAN. 15 

point of the Compass-Face Guide marked Theological 
Seminary towards that object, then the National 
Monmnent, Gulp's Hill, and all other places named 
on the diagram will point directly towards the real 
objects ; and the result will be the same at every 
place where it is presented, if you turn the name of any 
one known locality towards the object itself. 

For the further convenience of the reader I have in- 
troduced the IsoMETRiCAL Plan of the battle-field ; 
which I have caused to be laid off in squares, lettered 
on the sides and numbered at top and bottom. To lo- 
cate any object it is only necessary to name the letter 
and number of the square it is in. Thus — Round Top, 
G-i, or Herr's Tavern, a-h. In space g, and column i, 
Round Top will be found, and Herr's Tavern in space a, 
column II. In addition to this, that the reader may 
understand readily to which army an officer belonged, 
I have caused the names of each to be set in a distinct 
type, the Union officers in small capitals ; the 
Confederate in italics. 

VISITING THE FIELD. 

If the visitor to Gettysburg intends to remain dur- 
ing the season, and the many charming retreats in the 
vicinity will prove a strong temptation to do so, he 
will at his leisure visit the entire field and study it in 
all its details ; but to many economy in time will be 
an important desideratum. 



16 GETTYSBURG. , 

The battle will be much better comprehended if we 
commence with the theatre of the first day's engage- 
ment; study the various apjDroaches, and carry 
in mind the succeeding movements of the two armies. 
To do this satisfactorily, requires considerable time ; 
as some localities were fought over repeatedly, and 
on different days. If you would avoid confounding 
the movements in the mind, several visits must be 
made. But the time which can be devoted to this will 
govern the investigations of the visitor. Some will 
give it one general examination, relying on memory to 
retain the details ; and at their leisure separate and ar- 
range them. Others will examine the salient j)oints 
only ; from which commanding views may be had — 
thus connecting the intervals by the eye, with perhaps 
a more careful study of particular localities. The great 
magnitude of the field of battle is generally the first 
surprise to the visitor at Gettysburg. It often hap- 
pens that the stranger, after registering his name at 
the hotel, turns innocently to the clerk and asks him 
to point out, or direct him to the field in which tliQ 
battle was fought. Judge his astonishment, when he 
learns that not only every field but every forest, hill, 
and dale, and even the town of Gettysburg itself, w ere 
embraced in the mighty struggle. He gazes upon this 
vast domain with wonder; and disappointment often 
takes the place of pleasant anticipations. For how is it 



VISITING THE FIELD. 17 

possible to master, unaided, the details of a battle so ex- 
tensive and so complicated ? It is to assist the visitor 
in this emergency that this volume has been prepared. 

WHERE AND IIOW SHALL I GO ? 

Will be the first question. Unquestionably the pleas- 
antest and best way for those accustomed to the ex- 
ercise, is to secure a saddle horse, as very many places 
can thus be examined which would never be visited 
with a carriage. If you have ever ridden on horse- 
back this will be an excellent occasion to continue the 
practice 5 nor should those but little accustomed to 
this exercise be deterred from the attempt. There is 
no necessity for fast riding, indeed it is not expected, 
and the most timid should not hesitate. Ladies will 
find it prudent to take a riding-skirt from home, rather 
than rely on getting one in town. Many interesting 
points can be visited by public conveyance, with a 
little occasional walking. The Theological Seminary 
is reached from either hotel by street cars, and on its 
cupola an hour may be profitably and pleasantly spent. 
The National Cemetery, East Cemetery Hill, Gulp's 
Hill, Oak Hill, and other points of interest, are in the 
suburbs of the town. Around each, centres a train of 
historic events ; and it is much better, if you have the 
time to spare, to examine them in a leisurely way. 
The visitor who neither rides on horseback, nor cares 
2 



18 GETTYSBURG. 

to walk, can always be accommodated with a carriage, 
in which the more prominent places can be readily 
visited, and studied. 

PREPARATION FOR THE EXCURSION. 

Nothing conduces so much to- the pleasure of the ex- 
cursionist, as a proper outfit, nor is this at all difficult, 
if a little precaution is taken in advance. First of all 
be well shod ; not with new, but strong, Avell-fitting 
boots. Remember that some of the fiercest encount- 
ers occurred in the wildest spots, and to visit these 
rough, craggy ledges must be scaled, or damp ravines 
crossed. To leave the field without an examination of 
these points might materially detract from the pleasure 
of some, who had come a long distance for this pur- 
pose. The same is true, to a great extent, with other 
.articles of clothing. If the visitor would thoroughly 
understand the wholc/battle, high hills must be climbed, 
and forests traversed ; and the fatigues of the jaunt 
should be compensated in the intervals by freedom and 
unrestraint. 

The cool, grassy knolls in spring-time ; the moss- 
covered banks in summer ; and thick beds of leaves in 
autumn, present tempting resting-places for the weary 
traveller ; which, for pleasure's sake, we cannot afford 
to pass unheeded by. It is the little things which 
make the pleasant whole. The writer well remembers 



HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS. 19 

visiting the battle-field some years since with a party 
of Philadelphians, who, after a ride of several hours, 
concluded the excursion by the ascent of Round Top. 
It was a beautiful November day ; the morning bright 
and inviting ; the noon-day warm and sunny ; but as 
the shadows of evening lengthened the wind veered to 
the east, and soon the air filled with frozen sleet. For- 
tunately, a long shawl had been placed under the seat ; 
with tjiis a covering was improvised for the entire 
party, and, crowded into a large, open wagon, they re- 
turned to town in supreme comfort. An extra wrap 
in the carriage, at any season of the year, will give 
little trouble, and may add materially to your comfort ; 
particularly as the points from which the best pan- 
oramic views are to be had are difficult of access, 
and the exertion required to reach them, coupled 
with the desire to remain when there, renders this 
precaution necessary, and in this connection I will 
add, that a field, or opera glass, and pocket compass 
will prove great auxiliaries to your pleasure. 

HISTORICAL REFLECTIONS. 

It will be difficult for the tourist to realize, in after 
years, that these picturesque streams, charming val- 
leys, broad fields, and towering heights, were once 
the theatre of a great and mighty battle. Indeed, 
to-day, but the ninth anniversary of that fearful strug- 



20 GETTYSBURG. 

gle, hundreds of acres, where thousands of men fought 
vaUantly, are passed unheeded by — the gallant deeds 
there enacted, unknown ; their history lost, save when 
a soldier from afar returns to see the spot where some 
hero fell, — 

" His breast Avith wounds unnumbered riven, 
His back to earth, his face to heaven." 

It is the desire of the writer, as quickly as pos- 
sible, to chronicle on the pages of history the exact 
record of every feature of this great battle. But 
the information gathered from interviews with thou- 
sands of Confederate officers and soldiers while with 
them for months in hospital, consultations at the front 
with the officers of every regiment and battery of the 
Army of the Potomac ; visits to Gettysburg with 
over one thousand commissioned officers, participants 
in the battle, forty-six of them generals in command ; 
a careful study of the full reports of the Army of 
the Potomac and the Army of Northern Virginia, has 
afforded a fund of material too voluminous to be 
introduced into a book of this size. In the present 
volume, only the grand movements of the battle can 
be given. 



SEMINARY AND CEMETERY RIDGES. 



21 



5 > 






Reynolds' Grove 
Spring's Hotel. « 




Hill. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY/ 

One of the first places for the military student to 
visit should be the Theological Seminary, D-12. From 
the cupola of this building the entire northern half of 
the battle-field can be viewed ; and with this book in 
hand the opening movements of the battle can readily 
be traced. The size of the field will be better under- 

1 See explanation of Compass-face Guide on page 14. 



22 . GETTYSBURG. 

stood, and the magnitude of the battle reahzed, when 
the eye stretches away to Round Top, f, g-i ; and it is 
known that the whole intervening country was filled 
with armed combatants. 

^ From this cupola, the gallant Buford directed the 
opening battle on the morning of July 1, 1863. As 
you turn towards the west, a succession of ridges 
stretch away in the distance to the South Mountain 
range. The quiet hamlet of Cash town sits perched on 
the hill-side, a half dozen miles away. The turnpike, 
which leads from Chambersburg, twenty-five miles dis- 
tant, passes through Cashtown, and, crossing the suc- 
cessive undulations, leads to our right, c-12, down into 
the village of Gettysburg. Along this road Hili's 
corps, which had lain in the mountains since the night 
of the 28th, advanced on the opening day of the battle. 

THE UNION TROOPS 

Engaged on the first day, consisted of the First division 
of cavalry. General Buford, which had reached Get-' 
tysburg the day before, and bivouacked in the fields 
west of the Seminary. Gamble's brigade lay in our 
immediate front, c-io, b-h, 12 ; Devin's on the right, b-is, 
extending to the Mummasburg road, hidden from view 
by the grove ; Tidball's battery, commanded by Lieu- 
tenant Calef, was advanced to McPherson's Ridge, 8-12. 
General Buford picketed from the Fairfield road, c-io, 



UNION AND CONFEDERATE ADVA:^CE. 23 

at our left front, along the ridge, crossing the Mum- 
masbiirg road at Oak Hill, bis, on our right, across the 
flat ground, in the northeast, to the Harrisburg road, 
D-16 ; sendino; out videites on all the roads leadino- north 
and west. On the same night, June 30, the First 
corps. General Doubleday, lay at Emmettsburg, a vil- 
lage in the northern part of Maryland, ten miles away ; 
except Wadsworth's division, with Hall's 2d Maine 
battery, which had been thrown forward to Marsh 
Creek, within four or five miles of Gettysburg. The 
Eleventh corps, General Howard, marched in the rear 
of the First. These troops were all under the imme- 
diate command of General Reynolds. The undulation 
next west of the Seminary will hereafter be styled Bu- 
ford's Ridge, c-9, lo, B-11,12; the second McPherson's Ridge, 
B-ii, 12 ; and the third Herr's Ridge, a-h ; and, for conve- 
nience sake, names will be given to other localities, not 
known by such before the battle. 

THE ADVANCE. 

At five o'clock on the morning of July 1, HilPs 
corps broke camp, in the mountains, and advanced on 
the Chambersburg turnpike. Buford's videttes were 
discovered at Marsh Creek, and a section o? Pegrmns 
artillery opened fire upon them from Lohr's Hill on the 
west side of the creek. HetJis division formed in line 
of battle, and forced the Union skirmish line steadily 



24 , GETTYSBURG. 

in ; the artillery firing in succession from Lohr's, 
Whistler's, and School-house Ridges. Finally discover- 
ing Calef's battery, B-12, in position on McPherson's 
Ridge, supported by a line of dismounted cavalry, the 
section was advanced to Herr's Ridge, from which 
place, standing at the tavern, a-ii, the first gun of the 
battle was fired ; and this was immediately responded to 
by Calef's battery. The remaining guns of Pegram's 
battalion at once went into position on Herr's Ridge, 
north of the turnpike, A-12 ; and under cover of their 
fire, HeiJis division advanced to the attack. 

UNION TROOPS. 

In the mean time the First corps, which had broken 
camp at eight o'clock, continued to advance on the Em- 
mettsburg road, without any definite idea, however, of 
the proximity of the Confederate army. Wadsworth's 
division, with Hall's 2d Maine battery, led, accom- 
panied by General Reynolds in person. Upon the 
first sound of artillery, he put spurs to his horse 
and dashed to the front. When he reached the 
field, General Buford was watching with deep anxiety 
from the cupola (where we are supposed to stand, D-12;, 
the advance of the Confederate lines. Descending im- 
mediately, he met General Reynolds, and together 
they reconnoitered the position. It was decided to 
order up the infantry ; and, if possible, save the town 



FIRST DAY'S ENGAGEMENT — FORENOON. 25 

of Gettysburg from capture, d, e-i3, k. The Union troops 
rapidly crossed the fields from Cordora's house, e-9, on 
the Emmettsburg road ; moving over the ridge, near 
the Seminary, by a flank, they formed in line and be- 
came immediately engaged. Hall's battery galloped 
to the front to relieve Calef, b-i2. Cutler's brigade 
moved to the north of the railroad and engaged Davis', 
B-12, who had already crossed Willoughby Run ; and 
the " Iron Brigade," General Meredith, dashed into 
Reynolds' Grove, b-io, n, to meet Archer, b-io, ii, whose bri- 
gade had already cleared the run and charged gallantly 
Tip the steep, into the forest, forcing the dismounted 
cavalry before them. The attack and defense, all 
along the lines, was of the most desperate character. 
Cutler was soon forced to give ground, and fell back 
nearly to town ; by which means Davis got possession 
of the railroad cut, B-12. But it proved a trap to the 2d 
Mississippi, in which the entire regiment, with its colors, 
was captured. Hall's battery was only saved by the 
quick coolness of its commander, and intrepidity of the 
men. On the left the engagement was, if possible, 
even more fierce. General Reynolds, who advanced 
with Meredith, fell, shot through the head just after 
entering the grove, and the country lost one of its best 
and bravest defenders. General Archer was repulsed. 
The right of his brigade was enveloped by Meredith's 
left, and, while gallantly rallying his command, he was 



26 GETTYSBURG. 

made prisoner of war, together with several hundred of 
his men. The theatre of this engagement was at Wil- 
loughby Kun, at the western j)ortion of Reynolds' 
Grove. The Horse Railway, Hotel, and Springs Hotel 
Avenue, have been constructed since the battle. The 
Katalysine Speings, now so widely sought, then 
gushed unknown from the earth, placidly meandering 
their course, as the wild thunders of the fierce struggle 
shook the very heavens, and their sweet and peaceful 
waters assuaged the fiery thirst, alike, of the men in 
blue and the men in gray. 

In consequence of a reported body of Confederate 
tJTOops at Fairfield, on the 30th, General REYjfOLDS 
ordered his third division to picket in strong force in 
that direction. The time required in drawing in this 
picket line gave the first division two hours' start on 
the march, while the second division, which had en- 
camped at Emmettsburg, having several miles farther 
to go, came still later upon the field. The corps artil- 
lery marched in the following order: Hall's battery, 
2d Maine, with Wadsworth's division ; Cooper's bat- 
tery, B, 1st Pennsylvania, with Rowley's division ; 
Steveists', 5th Maine, Reynolds', L, 1st New York, and 
Stuart's, B, 4th United States, batteries, followed 
Wadsworth's division, which advanced on the Em- 
mettsburg and Gettysburg road, followed by Robin- 
son's division. Rowley's division moved on a parallel 
road several miles farther to the west. It came upon 



MOVEMENTS OF FIRST CORPS. 27 

the battle-field at the White Bridge, b-s, at which place 
the first sound of the opening battle was heard. The 
first brigade, Colonel Biddle, led the advance, and 
continued up Willoughby Run to the Millerstown road ; 
while the second brigade, Colonel Stone, crossed the 
country to the Ernmettsburg road, and approached by 
the road previously taken by the first division. General 
DouBLEDAY, having seen the third division en route, 
galloped to the front, overtaking the first division as it 
went into action. The Eleventh corps. General Howard, 
which had been ordered to support the first, marched 
from Emmettsburg, following Robinson's division. 

Up to the hour of noon Wadsworth's division was 
the only Union infantry engaged. Doubleday's divis- 
ion arrived on the field at twelve o'clock. Stone's bri- 
gade formed at the McPherson buildings, b-h, on the 
right of Meredith, and Biddle's brigade occupied 
several positions on his left, c-io. The corps artillery 
came up, under Colonel Wainwright, and was event- 
ually formed on Seminary Ridge, c-12 ; and in these posi- 
tions the troops fought later in the day. Robinson's 
division reached the field at one o'clock, and was held 
in reserve, under cover of the Seminary. The Eleventh 
corps. General Howard, now came up. Steinwehr's 
division with Wiedrick's battery, was turned to Ceme- 
tery Hill, E-13, where they remained in reserve. Gen- 
eral Howard being in command of the field, turned 
over the corps to General Schurz. Two divisions 



28 GETTYSBURG. 

were ordered to advance through town, out the Mum- 
masburg road, d-w, to seize Oak Hill, b-k, and form on 
a prolongation of the line of the First corps b-i3. The 
troops moved at double-quick, but had scarcely passed 
the Pennsylvania College, d-k, when a new force ap- 
peared on Oak Hill, and General Schurz turned his 
command to the right, and formed in the open fields, 
with his left resting on the Mummasburg road, c-14. 15. 

16, 17. 

EwelVs corps, which was moving back from Carlisle 
and York to concentrate with Hill and Longstred at 
Cashtown, had encamped the previous night wdth 
Rodes' division at Heidlersburg, Early s at Berlin, and 
JohmovLS with Colonel Brovjit's reserve artillery, be- 
tween Green Village and Scotland. General Eivell 
accompanied Rodes' division. On the morning of 
July 1 the column recommenced its march toward 
Cashtown, but before reaching Middletown, General 
Ewell received a note from General Hill, informing 
him that he was advancing from Cashtown on Get- 
tysburg ; whereupon General Eivell dispatched messen- 
gers to Eaf^lfj and Johnston, ordering them to the same 
place ; and when Rodes' division reached Middletown, 
the head of the column was turned in the same di- 
rection. General Eivell notifying the commander-in- 
chief of his movements. The sound of artillery was 
soon heard in the direction of Gettysburg. The men 



EWELL'S CORPS — ELEVENTH CORPS. 29 

pushed enthusiastically forward. On reaching the 
heights where Oak Ridge is crossed by the Middle- 
town road, the troops were turned to the right, and, 
with Carter s battalion of artillery at the front, ad- 
vanced in line of battle, pushing in Devins' cavalry 
videttes. Carter soon opened an artillery fire from the 
commanding heights of Oak Hill, b-k, which completely 
enfiladed General Doubleday's line. 

It was at this moment that the Eleventh corps, ad- 
vancing to seize these heights, was turned to the 
right from the Mummasburg road, and formed in the 
open fields, c-14, 15, le. Robinson's division, which was 
laying at the Seminary, moved rapidly to the right, 
and formed behind a stone wall, masked with bushes, 
on the crest of Seminary Ridge, immediately south 
of the Mummasburg road, with its right regiments 
refused through an open grove to the road, b-is. Cut- 
ler's brigade changed front and advanced through 
the grove on Robinson's left. The right of Stone's 
brigade, B-12, was farther refused along the Chambers- 
burg road. Riddle's brigade, c-io, changed front, and 
formed (temporarily) perpendicular to the main line, 
across the meadow. Cooper's and Reynolds' batter- 
ies going into position in the same direction. The de- 
scription of the latter part of the engagement will be 
very much better understood if we change our position 
to Oak Hill. 



30 GETTYSBURG. 



OAK HILL. 




South Mountain, s 






cf. 3 '^ -« -Z 



Few localities in the vicinity of Gettysburg furnish 
a more charming landscape view than that to be had 
from Oak Hill, b-k; and, aside from its local histori- 
cal interest, it will amply repay a visit. There is no 
place that the military student can go to understand 
so well the movements of EweWs corps ; indeed, the 
whole latter half of the first day's battle. This hill 
is approached from town by the Mummasburg road. 
On reaching the crest of Seminary Ridge, it is neces- 
sary to leave the carriage and walk up the open 
field to near the summit ; then turn to the right 
until both sides of the hill can be embraced in the 



OAK HILL. 31 

view. It is to be regretted that the bushes have been 
allowed to grow, as they will soon materially inter- 
fere with this prospect. 

Immediately before you in the south, lies the town 
of Gettysburg, which forms a pleasing feature in the 
middle distance. Cemetery Hill, E-12, with its national 
monument, is beyond; while Cemetery Ridge stretches 
away to Round Top, f-i, whose conical summit rises 
majestically in the distance. Between Cemetery Ridge 
and the grove, the broad glacis, up which Longstr-eef s 
magnificent charge was made on the last day of the 
battle, is distinctly seen. This grove, c-13, was also 
the theatre of a desperate engagement. It was here 
that the right of Robinson's division engaged O'Neal's 
brigade of Alabamians ; here that the gallant General 
Paul received a fearful wound, — a bullet passing into 
one eye and out at the other, — from which he has 
since been totally blind. 

Reynolds' grove, bh, can be seen in the southwest, 
standing out like a square bastion in the open fields 
which surround it. We look down upon the Springs 
Hotel, B-io, at the right ; while, in the distance, the 
South Mountain range cuts the horizon ; and nearer, in 
the west-southwest, is Herr's Tavern, a-h. As we turn 
towards the east, objects of equal interest meet the 
gaze. The imposing structure in the suburbs of the 
town is the Pennsylvania College, d-k. Culp's Hill, E-14, 



32 GETTYSBURG. 

beyond forms a fine background for the left of the vil- 
lage. East Cemetery Hill, e-i3, is to the right of this ; 
a peculiar lone tree on its summit fixes it as one of 
the landmarks of the field. The bare rounded ridge 
to the left of Gulp's Hill is Benner's Hill, e-i7. We 
look over the Almshouse buildings, d-is, to see it. Ris- 
ing up toward the left from the Almshouse is Bar- 
low's "Knoll," c-16, beyond which is Hospital Hill, d-i8. 

Having familiarized ourselves with the topography 
of the field, the positions and general movements of 
the troops can be readily explained.^ 

While HetJis division was engaging the First corps 
on the Chambersburg road. Bodes' division unexpect- 
edly reached the field, and Carter s battalion of artil- 
lery advanced and went into position on Oak Hill, 
where we stand, enabling him to enfilade the Union 
line engaged near the Chambersburg road. Bodes' 
division stretched in line of battle entirely across the 
ridge in our rear. In the mean time Robinson's divis- 
ion advanced from the Seminary, and formed in line 
along the crest at our right front, b, c-i3, Cutler's bri- 
gade advancing in the grove on Robinson's left. 
General Schurz formed the Eleventh corps in the 
open fields north of town. The left of Von Amsburg's 
brigade of Schimmelphennig's division rested on the 
Mummasburg road. Kryzanowski's brigade lay ea«t 

1 I have traced with care the movements of every regiment of both 
armies, which will be found in my illustrated history of the battle. 



FIRST DAY — AFTERNOON ENGAGEMENT. 33 

of the Carlisle road, with Ames' brigade of Baklow's 
division on its right, extending to Barlow's Knoll. 
Yon Gilser's brigade, the right of Barlow's division, 
formed on the " Knoll," and was refused to Rock 
Creek. Wilkinson's battery, G, 4th U. S., was posted 
on Barlow's Knoll, c-ie. Dilger's Ohio and Wheeler's 
New York batteries were with Schimmelphennig's 
division, c-14. Major Carter detached several batteries 
from the position where we stand, and posted them on 
the flat spot behind the house, on the east side of the 
hill, B-14, where they engaged in a sharp duel with 
DiLGER and Wheeler. Rodes' division now advanced 
to the attack. Iversons North Carolina brigade moved 
past our immediate right, and soon encountered Rob- 
inson's division. 

A desperate struggle ensued, resulting in the capture 
of three of Iversons regiments, with their colors. 
Daniels' North Carolina brigade moved to the south- 
west towards the railroad, where it united with Davis' 
Mississippi brigade in an attack upon Stone's brigade 
on McPherson's Ridge, B-12 ; and the whole of HetJis 
division, supported by Pender s division, now became 
generally engaged as far south as the Fairfield road, 
B-9. Mcintosh's battalion of artillery had already gone 
into position on the right of Pegram, a-ii.^ O'NeaVs 

1 Lanes', Poagues', and Garnett's battalions were on the ground, but for 
want of suitable positions were not engaged. 
3 



34 GETTYSBURG. 

Alabama brigade of Rodcs' division, in its advance, 
moved around the brow of Oak Hill to our left, and 
became ens-aored with the riiJ^ht of Baxter's and 
Paul's brigades of Robustson's division at the grove in 
our front. Doles' Georgia brigade formed on the flat 
ground to the left of O'JYeafs brigade, c-is, and was 
ordered to hold the right of the Eleventh corps in 
check. It advanced handsomely, but was near being 
cut off from O'Neal by an evolution of Schimmel- 
phennig's division, which was avoided by a skillful 
change of front. At this stage of the engagement 
Earl/f's division arrived on the Harrisburg road, c-i7. is, 
and under cover of the heavy fire of Jones' battalion 
of artillery, d-is, advanced to the attack. Gordons Geor- 
gia brigade led, supported by Hayes' Louisiana brigade. 
During this sanguinary but short engagement, the 
position was carried. General Barlow was severely 
wounded while rallying his men, and General Ames as- 
sumed command of the division. The fighting along the 
whole line, three miles in length, occupying over one 
hundred and eighty degrees of a circle, now became 
most desperate. Finally at four o'clock, outflanked 
on the right and left by nearly a quarter of a mile, 
and overwhelmed by numbers, the Union troops were 
forced from the field, and in great disorder retreated 
through town to the heights of Cemetery Hill. An 
attempt was made by Hoke's brigade of Earli/s divis- 



EARLY'S DIVISION — UNION RETREAT. 35 

ion to get between the Eleventh corps and town. It 
moved down Rock Creek, which it crossed at the 
mouth of Stevens' Run, above the railroad bridge, d-i6. 
Continuing up the Run, it was met near the brick- 
yard, in the suburbs of the town, by Costae's brigade 
of Steinwehr's division, d-is, sent from Cemetery Hill 
by General Howard to cover the retreat of the corps. 
The engagement was of short duration. Costar was 
soon forced to retire to Cemetery Hill, and the Confed- 
erate lines entered and took possession of the town, 
making prisoners of large numbers of Union troops. 

The advantage of having held a body of troops in 
reserve on Cemetery Hill was now manifest. But a 
single brigade. Smith's of Steinwehr's division, re- 
mained unengaged. This was posted in the Cemetery, 
E-12 ; while Wiedrick's New York battery held a com- 
manding position on East Cemetery Hill, e-i3. This 
small force formed a nucleus around which the broken, 
shattered, dispirited troops rallied. General Hancock 
reached the field at this moment with orders from Gen- 
eral Meade, who was at Taneytown, twelve miles 
away, to assume command. In his efforts to reform 
the lines he was ably assisted by Generals Howard, 
DouBLEDAY, Warren, and others, and soon confidence 
was again restored. As the artillery came in, every 
position on East Cemetery Hill, and in the Cemetery 
was occupied, and batteries posted by Major Osborn 



36 GETTYSBURG. 

and Colonel Wainwright. The Eleventh corps formed 
in the Cemetery. Robinson's division of the First 
corps moved to the left and lay along a stone wall, e-io, n, 
on the ridge. Wads worth's division was sent to oc- 
cupy Culp's Hill, E-14 ; Stevens' battery was put in 
position on the "knoll" at the foot of Culp's Hill; 
and Doubleday's division was held in reserve, under 
cover of Cemetery Hill. Pending these movements, 
General Buford was maneuvering his cavalry in the 
open fields south of the town ; the exhibition unques- 
tionably produced a very imposing effect. Soon 
Geary's division of the Twelfth corps arrived, and was 
directed by General Hancock to seize the heights near 
the foot of Little Round Top, f-6, g-s. Williams' divis- 
ion of the same corps had turned to its right, as it 
came up to the Baltimore pike, and crossed Wolf Hill, 
for the purpose of .getting on the flank of the Confed- 
erate army. It was about to advance and seize Ben- 
ner's Hill, e-i?, when Confederate videttes were seen in 
possession ; General Williams then retired to the Bal- 
timore pike and lay for the night. At a later hour 
Stannard's brigade of Vermonters reached the field 
on the Emmettsburg road, and joined Doubleday's 
division, to which General Stannard had been ordered 
to report. Birney's division of the Third corps came 
up from Emmettsburg at sundown, and bivouacked in 
a grove on the left, f 5, and Humphreys' division ar- 



^'"l'. '^ ^■ 




'^/r^v ''^^^j^>^ --7 



EAST CEMETERY HILL. 



37 



rived at midnight 



The lines having been reestab- 
Ushed, General Hancock turned over the command to 
General Slocum and returned to Taneytown, where he 
reported to General Meade ; and upon the report 
which he bore, General Meade decided to order up the 
rest of the army, 

EAST CEMETERY HILL. 



^"""^ Wounta/n A 




■g Benner's Hill, 



Although the general view from East Cemetery Hill 
is not as extensive as that from the Cemetery, the scen- 
ery is fine and imposing ; and historical associations 
make this a place of great interest and resort. We 



38 GETTYSBURG. 

have from this point an excellent view of the locality 
of the first clay's operations, particularly that of the 
Eleventh corps. 

Round Top is barely seen from this position ; its 
conical peak rising through the trees in the S. S. W., 
past the left of Evergreen Cemetery gate. At the 
left of Round Top the crest of Powers' Hill, g-io, 
occupied by General Slocum as head-quarters, just 
cuts the horizon. The Baltimore pike is still far- 
ther to the left. The bald hill in the foreground, 
southeast, is Stevens' Knoll, over which can be seen 
Wolf Hill in the distance. From the ledge on its 
summit a pleasing landscape view may be had. Gulp's 
Hill is the next important feature. The remains of 
Wadsworth's field works can be seen climbing the 
height until lost in the forest. The cultivated ridge 
to the left of this, with a few scattering trees on the 
summit, is Benner's Hill. Rock Creek flows in the 
valley between. This ridge rises gradually on the 
left to a grove, which crowns the summit of Hos- 
pital Hill. To the left from this, and just to the right 
of the town, is a group of brick buildings, known as the 
Almshouse, d-is, around which was severe fighting on 
the first day. A smooth field to its right rises to Bar- 
low's Knoll. Over the centre of the town, and cut by 
the spire to the left, is Oak Hill. The crest extending 
from this towards the left, is Seminary Ridge.' The 



TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION'S. 39 

railroad " cut " can be seen at the left of the grove ; 
and still farther to the left the Theological Seminary. 
The cupola of the Springs Hotel rises beyond the 
grove. At the left from this, just at hand, is the Na- 
tional Soldiers' Orphans Home. The "lodge" and 
gateway of the National Cemetery is the next object of 
interest ; and rising up to the left is the Cemetery itself, 
crowned by the National Monument. 

The grounds of East Cemetery Hill are owned by 
the " Gettysburg Memorial Association," which ac- 
counts for the defenses being kept in repair. This is 
one of the few localities where hand-to-hand fighting 
actually occurred. In a book of this size but little can 
be said of the details of a battle so extensive ; the dif- 
ficulty, where so much is known, is to avoid giving 
them, although there is often a desire to know them. 
It is a mistake to suppose that our modern battles con- 
sist of desperate charges, bayonet thrusts, and cloven 
skulls, as in the conflicts of the olden time. The fight- 
ing is mostly done at longer range. The improvement 
in the implements of warfare has wrought this change. 
There is but a single instance recorded in the reports 
of the battle of men being killed with a bayonet or 
wounded with a sabre. Colonel Jeffees of the 4th 
Michigan Volunteers was mortally wounded with a 
bayonet in the " wheat field " on the afternoon of the 
2d J and General Wade Hampton is reported to have re- 



40 GETTYSBURG. 

ceived a sabre cut during his engagement with Geegg's 
cavalry on the right. This is a small proportion among 
the thousands killed and wounded at Gettysburg. But 
on the spot where we stand occurred a scene on the 
night of the 2d, which embodied the magnificent 
charge, the firm defense, the fierce seething struggle 
of armed men, frenzied with the maddening influences 
of war. They fought with cannon, muskets, pistols, 
handspikes, rammers, clubs, stones, anything with which 
an attack could be made or defense given. Here, in 
this immediate vicinity, occurred instances of personal 
bravery and intrepidity seldom surpassed. An attack 
was made on this position in the dusk of evening by 
Hayes' and Hokes brigades of Early s division, a de- 
scription of which will be found on another page. The 
Union line. Barlow's division, commanded by General 
Ames, lay along the stone wall at the base of the hill. 
Wiedeick's New York battery was posted behind the 
redans north of the cross-wall. Stuaet's battery, B, 4th 
U. S., stood towards the Cemetery in the field and road. 
RiCKETTs' Pennsylvania battery was on the south of the 
wall, with Reynolds' New York battery still farther 
down the hill. They were firing at Johnsons division 
of infantry, which could be seen passing the opening 
between Benner's and Gulp's hills, as it advanced to at- 
tack the Twelfth corps' position. Suddenly the skir- 
mishers came rushing in, firing as they retreated, and 



ASSAULT ON EAST CEMETERY HILL. 41 

reported an immediate attack on this point ; and soon a 
long line of battle stretching through the valley and 
across the ridge, came sweeping in upon them, with the 
impetuosity of the whirlwind. The guns were depressed 
as quickly as jDOSsible, but not in time to be as effective 
as a more level surface would have made them. The 
Union infantry lines were broken and scattered like 
chaff from the summer threshing floor, and the wild 
assailants followed their beaten adversaries, through 
showers of canister, into the very batteries where we 
stand, seizing guns, spiking others, and for a moment 
holding this important position in their possession. 
Officers dashed hither and thither, their voices ringing 
high above the din and clang of battle. Men raved, im- 
plored, swore, and cried, by turns in the mad excitement 
of the moment.-^ Here, south of the wall, at Ricketts' 
left gun, a Confederate lieutenant dashed boldly up and 
seized the battery's guidon. Private Riggin", its bearer, 
drew his revolver and shot him dead ; at the same mo- 
ment a minie-ball severed the staff", and Riggin fell a 
corpse with that of his adversary. Lieutenant Woi-cester, 

1 The importance of this position and the probability of its being attacked, 
seems to have impressed itself upon the officers in command. But a short 
time before the assault, while General Ames was explaining to Captain 
Ricketts its value as a keij point position, and the necessity for holding it, 
Colonel Wainwkight added, " In case you are charged you will not limber 
up under any circumstances, but fight your hatlery to the last." This order 
was communicated to the men, who, being naturally intelligent, felt their 
responsibility when the attack came. 



42 GETTYSBURG. 

7th Louisiana, charged into the battery, and laying his 
hand on a gun, demanded its surrender, but was 
instantly brained by a blow with a handspike in the 
hands of one of the gunners. Here, at the third 
gun from the wall, a Confederate sergeant, musket 
in hand, sprang upon Sergeant Stafford and de- 
manded his surrender. He was answered by Lieutenant 
Brockway of the battery, who coming quickly behind, 
with a stone he had seized, felled him to the ground. 
Stafford caught the musket and fired, wounding him 
severely ; and in the fury of the moment clubbed the 
gun and, but for the interposition of Captain Ricketts, 
would have killed hun on the spot. 

These are but a few of the startling incidents of that 
fearful struggle. 

Why ! what is there in this beautiful locality to indi- 
cate that it is the theatre where was once enacted such 
a fearful drama ? What in this old stone wall to attract 
the attention of the passer-by ? Yet here, where the 
grass grows so freshly, and the modest flower timidly 
opens its petals to the gladdening hght of heaven, men, 
clothed in the image of their Creator ; brothers, who 
should have extended the friendly grasp, frenzied by 
the maddening influences of political strife, with the 
mania of savage beasts, writhed and strove in mortal 
combat. Here at this wall. General Ames succeeded in 
rallying the regiments of his old brigade as they were 



-A 



REPULSE OF EARLY'S ASSAULT. 43 

pushed back through the guns of the battery. Here 
the ferocious combatants stood and glared into each 
other's eyes, so near indeed, that they could almost 
breathe the hot breath of their adversaries. The brave 
color-bearer of the 107th Ohio, Sergeant Geible, ':^ 
sprang upon the wall, and defiantly waved his flag in 
the very faces of his opponents. The satisfaction 
was but momentary. He was shot, and the colors 
fell on the opposite side ; but had scarce touched the 
ground before Adjutant Young cleared the wall, and 
snatched them from the very grasp of his foe ! The 
color-bearer of the 8th Louisiana " Tigers," in his 
enthusiasm dashed gallantly forward, waving his flag 
as he advanced ; seeing which Adjutant Young, re- 
volver in hand, with one desperate leap sprang into 
the opposing ranks, seized the staff, and shot the color- 
bearer in his tracks. But he too was shot ; a minie- 
ball passed through his left arm, and pierced his lung ; 
a Confederate officer aimed a fearful blow at his head, 
which was skillfully parried by Lieutenant Suhree; 
and reeling to his regiment, still clinging to the flag, 
he sank into the arms of Sergeant-major Bricker, and 
was saved ! And General Ames promoted . him to a 
captaincy on his staff, for his bravery. 

But why repeat the sickening details. This is not 
intended as a history of the battle. But an allusion to 
this episode will perhaps convey a faint idea of the hor- 



44 GETTYSBURG. 

rors of a three days' contest, which extended over a 
field like this. It is true there were but few instances 
of hand-to-hand fighting, but in many, very many 
places, the loss of human life was far greater than here. 

CEMETEEY HILL. 

No person can stand on Cemetery Hill, and from its 
commanding summit survey the field on which the 
Army of the Potomac and the Army of Northern Vir- 
ginia met to decide the fate of human liberty, without 
being impressed with the remarkable beauty of the 
landscape view, and its peculiar fitness for a great bat- 
tle-field. 

The whole scene is grand and imposing. Broad 
fields, stretching away in the distance ; diversified 
by gentle undulations, and flanked by commanding 
heights, with contiguous valleys, affording a natural 
covered way for the movement of troops ; deep forests, 
and sheltering groves, with streams of water ; and be- 
yond all, towering in the distance, clothed in azure blue, 
a picturesque mountain range completes a landscape 
of rare beauty and magnificent proportions. And to 
the lover of nature, who, 

" Slave to no sect, who takes no private road, 
But looks throtigh nature up to nature's God," 

its hills, towering in stately majesty, its forests, enam- 
eled with verdure, its quaint old town, like a miniature 



SCENE FROM CEMETERY HILL. 45 

city, nestled amid fields sparkling in the sunlight of 
heaven, give to it, aside from its historical associations, 
a halo of sublime grandeur. 

If the visitor to Gettysburg has but one hour at his 
command, Cemetery Hill would unquestionably be the 
place to spend it. If, however, the field is to be 
generally examined, the practice of coming here first 
should be severely reprehended, as the details of the 
first day's battle will never be as satisfactorily studied 
thereafter. 

But to those who have but the hour, or to others 
wishing to connect the future operations of the armies 
with the first day's engagement, a brief resume of the 
opening day of the battle will here be given, although 
much which the following chapter contains will be 
found in other parts of the book. 

CEMETEKY HILL FROM THE SUMMIT. 

As the " Seminary " is always associated with the 
first day's battle, let us commence with that as a start- 
ing point, and from it pursue the movements of the 
two armies on the first day. Its white cupola rising 
above the brick structure in the north-northwest, em- 
bowered among the shade trees which surround it, 
marks its position. The panoramic view from this point 
is one of the finest in the neighborhood. To the left 
of the Seminary, over the grove, the South Mountain 



46 



GETTYSBURG. 



range is seen in the distance. From Cash town, a 
hamlet on the hill-side, some eight miles away, IlilVs 
corps started on the morning of July 1, and advanced 
along the Chambersburg turnpike, which leads to Get- 
tysburg. The First corps. General Doubleday, and 
the Eleventh, General Howard, the two under the 




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command of General Reynolds, started at a later hour 
from Emmettsburg, a village ten miles distant in the 
southwest, also moving towards Gettysburg ; neither 
army knew of the proximity of the other. At the 
same time Modes' division left Heidlersburg, a village 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION FROM CEMETERY HILL. 47 

in the north-northeast, and Early's division left Berlin, 
three miles farther to the east, each under orders to 
cross the country to Cashtown, on a line north of 
Gettysburg. During the morning, however. General 
Ewell, commanding the corps to which these two divis- 
ions belonged, received notice of HilVs advance on 
Gettysburg, whereupon he turned his command in the 
same direction. But Gettysburg had already been oc- 
cupied by a Union force. Buford's cavalry reached 
the town the day before, and bivouacked in the fields 
west of the Seminary. 

When HilVs command reached Marsh Creek, three 
miles away, it came upon Buford's videttes, forcing 
them steadily back to Willoughby Run, a half mile 
west of the Seminary ; where Buford had dismounted 
his troops and formed them in line of battle. Hill 
advanced to the attack. The First corps, guided by the 
sound of battle, was now moving hastily up the Em- 
mettsburg road, in the southwest. The column turned 
to the left from Cordora's house, f-9, and moved at 
double-quick over the fields, crossed the ridge below 
the Seminary, and became instantly engaged. But at 
almost the first volley General Reynolds fell dead, — . 
shot through the head ! Still the battle went on under 
the command of General Doubleday. At noon, the 
Eleventh corps came up. General Howard was now 
commander of the field, and had already fixed his 



48 GETTYSBURG. 

head-quarters on the spot where we stand. He held 
Steinwehk's division, and Weidrick's battery on this 
hill for support, and directed General Schuez, com- 
manding the Eleventh corps, with the two remaining 
divisions, to seize Oak Hill, the wooded height seen 
over the left of the town, and form on the right of the 
First corps. They advanced rapidly, but at this mo- 
ment Bodes' division, preceded by Carter s battalion of 
artillery, debouched from the woods on the crest of Oak 
Hill, B-13, 14, and opened an enfilade fire on Double- 
day's command. The Eleventh corps troops now 
formed in the open fields beyond the town, c-is, le, and 
soon became engaged with the left of Bodes' division. 
At this stage of the battle Earli/'s division reached 
the field from the northeast. Advancing fhrough the 
groves seen on the distant heights, he charged down 
upon the right of Schurz's command, c-i?. The troops 
were now engaged along a line of nearly three miles 
in length. This was broken at 4 p. m., and the Union 
forces* were driven back through the town, to these 
heights, losing heavily in killed, wounded, and pris- 
oners. 

Upon the death of General Reynolds, General 
HowAED notified General Meade, who had not yet 
come up, and dispatched messengers to the corps 
commanders known to be near Gettysburg for assist- 
ance. The arrival of the Twelfth and Third corps has 



BRINGING UP THE TROOPS. 49 

already been mentioned. Also General Hancock, who, 
having reestablished the lines, returned to General 
Meade, whose head-quarters were at Taneytown. 
General Meade now decided to order up the remain- 
der of the army. 

BRINGING UP THE TROOPS. 

Although from Cemetery Hill and Little Round 
Top extensive panoramic views of the field of the 
second day's operations may be had, neither affords a 
position from which the movement of the troops can 
be traced as readily as those of the first day from the 
Seminary cupola and Oak Hill. This part of the field 
is not only more extensive but more broken, and inter- 
spersed with forests. And for this reason the general 
description of the first day's engagement was meagre, 
and the movements of troops were reserved to be 
pointed out from those positions from which they could 
have been seen. For the same reason the first descrip- 
tion of the second and third days in the text was more 
full, leaving less to be given from Cemetery Hill and 
Round Top, and the details will be supplied while 
driving over the field. Still, while here, let us locate 
as far as may be the positions taken up by the respect- 
ive commands upon their arrival. 

As the interest in the first day centres around the 
Seminary, so Round Top and Little Round Top must 



50 GETTYSBURG. 

always be the prominent features on the left. These 
were visited early, and continued to be occupied 
throughout most of the engagement by General War- 
REisr, chief engineer of the battle ; and from this point 
he was able to render valuable assistance, through the 
signal stations on Little Round Top ; and by the means 
of others on Gulp's and Powers' Hills, and Gemetery 
Hill, where we stand. General Meade, whose head- 
quarters were at the white cottage under the hill, kept 
up constant communication with all parts of the field. 

General Meade, accompanied by his staff and Gen- 
eral Pleasanton, arrived at one o'clock on the morning 
of the 2d. He spent much of the night in examining 
the position, as far as could be, and arranging for the 
disposition of the remaining troops as they came up. 

We left RoBiNSOx's division where it lay on the first 
night, beyond the grove at our right, as we look to- 
wards Round Top. When the Second corps arrived, at 
seven o'clock on the 2d, Robiis'son' was relieved by 
Hays' division, and joined Doubleday's command in 
rear of Cemetery Hill. Hancock formed his troops 
from this grove along the ridge, uniting with the Third 
corps. General Sickles, which lay in the fields beyond 
and in the groves, f-s, towards Round Top. The artil- 
lery, under direction of General Hunt, chief of artil- 
lery, was posted, with the infantry, from this grove at 
our right to Little Round Top on the left. Each corps 



BRINGING UP THE TROOPS. 51 

had its own chief of artillery. Captain H^lZARd had 
the immediate charge of that of the Second corps, Cap- 
tain Randolph of the Third, Captain Martin of the 
Fifth, and Colonel Tompkins of the Sixth corps. (See 
Isometrical Drawing.) The batteries of the Twelfth 
corps were sent to Powers' and Culp's hills. Powers' 
Hill is where General Slocum had his head-quarters, 
and can just be seen past the right of the grove at our 
left ; beyond that runs Rock Creek. Here the Fifth 
corps, General Sykes, was halted when it came up, and 
held in reserve, g-io. 

CONFEDERATE TROOPS. 

Soon after the close of the first day's battle, Johnson's 
division reached the field, marched around the north 
of the town, and went into position on the eastern 
slope of Benner's Hill, the bare rounded elevation 
seen to the northeast through the opening between 
the grove and Evergreen Cemetery. The entire Con- 
federate army had reached the vicinity by midnight, 
except Pickett's division (left to guard trains at Cham- 
bersburg). The line was formed on Seminary Ridge, 
extending towards the south. The artillery, under 
General Pendleton occupied all suitable positions, and 
was generally posted in front of the infantry. About 
noon. General Sickles moved the Third corps to the 
front, and formed on the Intermediate Ridge. His 



52 GETTYSBURG. 

right rested just beyond Cordora's brick house, on the 
Emmettsburg road, f-s. The line extended to the 
Peach Orchard, e-s (barely observable in the south- 
west), then turned back to the Devil's Den, f-2, at the 
foot of Round Top. By half-past three, p. m., Hood's 
division was in position on the right of the Confederate 
line, where Seminary Ridge is crossed by the Emmetts- 
burg road, D-i, and at four o'clock advanced to attack 
the left of General Sickles' line at the Devil's Den, f-2. 
General Longsireet ordered forward each brigade succes- 
sively as that on its right became engaged, until Hood's 
and McLaws' divisions and a portion of Hill's corps were 
in action. Reinforcements were called for by General 
Sickles, and Baknes' division of the Fifth corps, 
Caldwell's division of the Second Corps, Ayers' and 
Crawford's divisions of the Fifth corps, with portions 
of Gibbon's and Hays' divisions of the Second corps, 
moved to his assistance and became engaged along his 
front; and eventually Williams' division and Lock- 
wood's brigade of the Twelfth corps, Nevin's brigade 
of the Sixth corps, and Robinson's and Doubleday's 
divisions of the First corps were ordered up by General 
Meade, and formed a second line on Cemetery Ridge, 
arriving too late, however, to participate extensively in 
the engagement. The position occupied by General 
Sickles had already been carried by the Confederate 
forces, which they continued to hold. The Sixth corps, 



SECOND DAY'S ENGAGEMENT. 53 

General Sedgwick, arrived on the field, by a forced 
march, a short time before the close of the action on 
the left, and formed in heavy column on the east slope 
of Cemetery Ridge, on the northeastern face of Little 
Round Top, g-s, although but one brigade participated 
in this engagement. At about the same hour that the 
battle ended on the left, Johnson'' s division advanced from 
Benner's Hill, d, e-is, crossed Rock Creek, and made an 
assault on Geeene's brigade, e, f-is, the only troops of 
the Twelfth corps left to defend that position. The first 
attacks were repulsed, but finally the left of Johnsons 
command seized that portion of the line of works just 
vacated by the brigades ordered to reinforce the left. 
At nearly the same hour. Early s division made an as- 
sault on East Cemetery Hill, e-k, which was tempo- 
rarily successful, but eventually repulsed. This closed 
the battle on the 2d. 

THE ENGAGEMENT ON JULY 3. 

Two days of terrific fighting had already passed 
without any definite result, and each commander felt 
the importance of the morrow's issue. During the 
night Daniels brigade was taken from near the Semi- 
nary, D-i2j and O'Neal's from the railroad, d-is, and 
marched around the town to Gulp's Hill to the support 
of Johnsons division. Smith's and Walker s brigades 
were brought from the left for the same purpose. The 



54 GETTYSBURG. 

Union lines were reinforced by the return of the 
troops from the left ; and in the mean time Colonel 
Best, chief of the Twelfth corps' artillery, placed bat- 
teries in position on Powers', g-io, and McAllister's hills, 
G-ii, and other commanding positions, f-h, from which 
the works occupied by the Confederate forces could 
be shelled. At 4 o'clock the fire opened for an hour ; 
then the infantry advanced ; and by 11 o'clock the line 
was reestablished. For the next two hours it was 
comparatively quiet. In the mean time General Lee 
determined to end the battle by a coup de main. He or- 
dered artillery to be placed in every available position, 
and upon a given signal all were to open fire upon the 
Union lines. General Longstreet was directed to form 
a column of attack, which, at the propitious moment, 
should be hurled across the plains, sever the lines, and 
sweep the Union army from the field. By facing again 
to the south, the reader will perceive a peculiar, um- 
brella-shaped copse of trees, f-9, a few hundred yards 
away, on a line, nearly midway between Round Top and 
the apple orchard at our right. This stands a few yards 
in rear of the Union line, and was occupied by Webb's 
brigade of Gibbon's division. From Seminary Ridge 
this cuts boldly against the sky, and forms a prominent 
landmark, which was selected by General Longstreet to 
guide the direction of the column in its charge. The 
front line consisted of Pickett's division, f-9, io, on its 



THIRD DAY'S ENGAGEMENT. 55 

right; Peitigreiv's division, f-io, n, on the left. Trimbles 
division advanced in the second Hne, and Anderson's in 
the third, followed in support. The right flank was 
covered by Perry s and Wilcox's brigades, and their left 
flank by Thomas' and McGotvan's brigades. 

At one o'clock the artillery fire opened, and for two 
hours the heaviest artillery duel ever experienced on 
this continent was kept up. When it closed the in- 
fantry advanced, and like an avalanche swept majesti- 
cally across the plains. It was received with a fearful 
hurricane of missiles ; solid shot, shrapnell, spherical- 
case, shell, canister, and every invention known to 
modern warfare. Still on it came, up to the very 
works behind which lay the Union troops. The Union 
line was broken at the " copse of trees," and forced 
back over the ridge, and for a moment of terrible sus- 
pense, victory hung trembling in the balance. Hall's 
brigade, on Webb's left, rushed to his assistance, Hays' 
division rose from the stone wall and delivered a perfect 
sheet of flame. Woodeuff's battery, in the grove to 
our right, f-ii, was run forward, turned to the left, and 
swept the whole valley with canister. The 8th Ohio 
volunteers, ^-n, on the skirmish line, beyond the grove 
and the Emmettsburg road, " changed front forward on 
left company," Stannakd's brigade, e, f-?, s, on Hall's 
left, moved by the right flank, " changed front forward 
on first battalion," Webb's first line united with his re- 



56 GETTYSBURG, 

serve, and all opened a converging fire of musketry 
and the repulse was complete ; 4,500 men threw down 
their arms and came in as prisoners. This " copse of 
trees, f-9," was unquestionably the ^'- high water mark of 
this battle, and of the war ! " Here the engagement vir- 
tually closed ; although McCandless' brigade of Craw- 
ford's division advanced, on the left, at a later hour, 
and engaged a body of McLaws' troops in a wood, e-3, 
in front of Round Top, and Kilpatrick's cavalry was 
engaged to the left and front of Round Top, ei, in a 
short but desperate encounter with the right of Hood's 
division, during which General Faristsworth was killed. 
Generals Gregg and Hampton had a sharp encounter 
about three miles northeast of Gettysburg on the same 
afternoon, in which General Hampton was severely 
wounded. 

THE BATTLE-FIELD AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 

As many an enthusiastic traveller, staff in hand, 
still prefers to scale the rugged sides of Mount Wash- 
ington, that he may say he has trod the '• slippery 
path " and looked from its dizzy height, thousands of 
feet down into the deepening gloom of Tuckerman's 
ravine ; or bolder yet, himself descend, and, canopied 
by the "Eternal Arch of Snow" ^ bathe his heated 

1 The popular impression that the saow is perpetual in Tuckerman's 
ravine is a mistake, although it usually remains until September 1. The 
author was there on the 20th o^ August, 1857, and entered three hundred 



THE BATTLE-FIELD AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. 57 

brow, and quench his thirst in the cooUng waters of the 
" Fall of a Thousand Streams," — so military critics 
will visit Gettysburg and leave no height unclimbed 
nor glen untrod, to grasp the details of this mighty 
battle. But as far more who visit the mountain-top 
prefer to ride on horseback, carriage, or car, so here 
the great majority of guests will avail themselves of 
the ample facilities for driving ; and with genial spirits 
ride together over the various routes which encompass 
this vast domain, drinking in the picturesque beauties 
of the scenery with the more solid details of the battle. 
It will be seen that several chapters which follow are 
intended more for those who would combine pleasure 
with their examination of the field. The military stu- 
dent, if in haste, can turn at once to the Drive to 
Round Top. 

feet under the " Snow Arch," formed by the water from the " Fall of a 
Thousand Streams " running under and melting the snow. The arch was 
then twenty-five feet thick, and was supported by innumerable columns of 
ice, each standing on a boulder which preserved it from the melting in- 
fluence of the water. It was aflerwards learned that this arch had disap- 
peared September 10. 



CARRIAGE DRIVES. 




T will often happen that the health 
of visitors will not admit of their 
going to the cupola of the Theo- 
logical Seminary; or they may 
not find it convenient to do so. 
Although there is no other point 
which fully compensates for this 
. , magnificent view, a drive on the 

I' ' Chambersburg turnpike will assist greatly 

in understanding the opening of the battle. It is well, 
however, to read first the description from the cupola. 
As you enter the Chambersburg turnpike from town ^ 
and move across the flat ground, D-12, Seminary Ridge 
lays before you. When the Union troops came in on 
the first day of the battle they moved along the fields 
at your left, and crossed the ridge at and near the 
Seminary. Still later, when Robinson's division came 
up it rested here ; Baxter's brigade at the right along 

1 Guests at the Springs Hotel will understand the battle better to drive 
here and go upon the turnpike. 



THE CHAMBERSBURG TURNPIKE. 69 

the railroad bed; while Paul's brigade passed the 
Seminary, and threw up temporary breastworks in 
the grove ; Oak Hill is the wooded summit off at your 
right, B-14. It was here that Rodes' division and Car- 
ter s artillery came first upon the field. Baxter's bri- 
gade then hurried to the right and formed along the 
crest, where you see the scattering trees, and soon 
after Paul's brigade was sent to reinforce it. If you 
look farther to the right you see the Pennsylvania Col- 
lege in the suburbs, d-k, used as a Confederate hospital. 
It was beyond this that the Eleventh corps formed 
when it came up, and when Earb/s division came it was 
through the grove seen on the hill beyond. Looking 
to the left the first object is the horse railroad and 
Springs Hotel avenue, which have been constructed 
since the battle. Looking over these, the eye sweeps 
away into the south. A portion of the fields across 
which Longsireefs charge was made can be seen in the 
distance. When the Union line was finally forced back 
on the 1st, the Confederate troops came around the east 
of Oak Hill directly toward this road, and having also 
outflanked the Union line on the left, their skirmishers 
came over Seminary Ridge, and as the troops, infantry 
and artillery, retreated down this road, and on the bed 
of the railroad, they received a skirmish fire from both 
flanks. The Theological Seminary at our left was occu- 
pied during and after the battle as a Union hosj)ital. 



60 



GETTYSBURG. 



SEMINAKY RIDGE. 




Having reached the crest of the ridge let us stop 
and examine the position. Looking along the turn- 
pike, the eye falls upon a succession of undulations. 
Buford's Ridge is directly in our front, McPherson's 
Ridge is beyond, while Herr's Ridge, a half mile dis- 
tant, will be known by the old Brick Tavern located 
on it, A-ii. Buford's cavalry bivouacked the night be- 
fore the battle on the ridge in our front ; advancing 
Calef's battery to McPherson's Ridge, B-12. At the 



MCPHERSON'S RIDGE. 61 

close of the first day's engagement the Confederate 
troops advanced to Seminary Ridge. Traces of their 
breastworks may still be seen between the turnpike 
and Seminary. 

Looking eastward, we have a fine view of the town, 
and many prominent features of the field may be seen. 
(See description from Seminary cupola.) If the engage- 
ments of the visitor will not admit of spending much 
time with the first day's operations, this is the place to 
turn back. If we continue our drive we pass the valley 
through which Cutler's brigade moved into line across 
the railroad at the right, and it was also here that the 
Gth Wisconsin Volunteers, 95th New York, and 14th 
New York State Militia made a change from left to 
right, and captured the 2d Mississippi in the railroad 

cut. 

Mcpherson's ridge. 

To reach this point we have crossed Buford's Ridge 
and passed the McPherson farm buildings. It was on 
this crest that Calef's battery was posted when the 
battle commenced ; the first Union gun of the battle 
was fired by Lieutenant Roder's section. The ground 
rises northward gradually to Oak Hill, which at the 
time of the battle was covered with timber. Carter s 
artillery, in position there, could enfilade the line of 
Union troops laying here, making it necessary to get 
shelter behind the buildings, and under cover of the 



62 



GETTYSBURG. 



road-bed. General Reynolds was killed in the grove 
to our left. BrockenboroagJi 8 brigade also fought at the 
left, and Archer 8 in the grove. PeUigrew'8 was south 
of it, and subsequently Pender 8 division advanced over 
the same ground. Willoughby Run is crossed in the 
valley as we drive to 

here's eidge. 




12 5 \ 

TOO- ' 






■"^Here on the morning of July 1, 1863, the battle 
commenced. Two guns which stood on the turnpike 
by the tavern engaged Calef's battery on McPher- 
son's Ridge, as previously explained. This is the west- 



HERE'S RIDGE. 63 

ern limit of active field operations. There are three 
routes to return to the village, namely, via the turn- 
pike, on which we came, or go to the left along the 
crest, and take the first left turn to town, entering 
by the Millerstown road, which is a pleasant drive, 
or turn to the right to the Mummasburg pike, and 
return via Oak Hill, which should be visited, and will 
particularly interest military men ; this leads into town 
past the Pennsylvania College. A longer yet much 
more picturesque road will be found, if we continue 
along the turnpike and examine the banks of 

MARSH CREEK. 

We leave behind the field of mortal strife, where 
every hill and dale, and rock and rill marks the history 
of some tragic deed ; where 

" The death shot hissing from afar, 
The shock, the shout, the groans of war," 

still finger in the memory of the past ; and turning 
our course toward the west, look out on a landscape of 
agricultural beauty and fruitfulness. The South Moun- 
tain range rises proudly before us. With what interest 
every changing hue is marked ; now the broad sun- 
fight spreads over all its rich mantle of loveliness, and 
anon the deep cloud shadows, tinged with violet and 
blue, chase each other up the rugged steep ; now 
creeping stealthily along the mountain sides, now van- 



64 GETTYSBURG. 

ishing in some unseen gorge ; then, springing from hill- 
top to hill-top, are lost forever. How beautiful are the 
way-side farms with their broad fields, rich vineyards, 
luxuriant gardens, well-filled barns, and cozy homes, 
ornamented with shade-trees and flowers, sure indica- 
tions of industry and content. 

And thus the road leads on over successive undula- 
tions, each presenting new and ever-changing scenes, 
down to the peaceful waters of Marsh Creek. And 
here so quiet it is, indeed, that it seems unfair to in- 
sinuate that aught but peace ever dwelt in a place so 
beautiful ; but this is the spot where Buford's men 
met the Confederate advance on the first morning of 
the battle. From yonder hill, across the stream, the 
first artillery shot was fired. We will not call back the 
scene to mar the interest in a pleasant drive ; but from 
the bridge turn up the stream, which can be followed 
for miles as it winds its quiet way, overhung by a 
shadowy grove. We can now return direct to town ; 
or if time permits drive to the mountains, a half- 
dozen miles distant. The scenery changes when our 
route brings us near the top of the hill, and many 
fine extended views present themselves, as the eye 
stretches away over a vast area. Indeed, we look down 
into the town of Gettysburg as upon a panorama, and 
with a good glass the people can be seen moving in 
the streets. At the proper season there is said to be 



A CHARMING RESORT. 



65 



fine trout fishing in this locaUty. To get the full ben- 
efit of the view from the mountain, this drive should 
be made after midday. 



A CHARMING RESORT. 




" In genial spring, beneath the quivering shade, 
Where cooling vapors breathe along the mead, 
The patient fisher takes his silent stand, 
Intent, his angle trembling in his hand." 

One of the most enjoyable retreats in the vicinity 
of Gettysburg is at Marsh Creek, south of the Cham- 
bersburg turnpike. Drive to the bridge, cross and 

5 



66 GETTYSBURG. 

turn to the left, enter the gateway, and we reach at 
once a spot of rare beauty and loveUness. Everything 
seems vivacious with an overflowing newness of Hfe. 
We follow down the lazy stream, choosing our own 
path, for no track cuts the soft, rich tapestry with 
which the surface is spread. Here we voluntarily 
leave the carriage and roam at will along the rich 
bottom, and, seated on some gnarled root, or moss-clad 
knoll, minds moulded by the spirit of nature drink in 
tJie view, and enjoy the immense repose of the scene. 
What a magnificent spot! you involuntarily exclaim. 
The grove is like a beautiful banqueting hall, where, 
upheld by pillars of mighty oak, a rich canopy of 
green shuts out the dazzling rays of light, save here 
and there, where, breaking through the leaves, the 
golden sheen of a midsummer's day penetrates the cool 
retreat. 

The character of the surface will prevent your riding 
far, but the carriage can return and meet the party at 
Weigle's Mill, a half mile below .^ The walk through 
-the forest is interesting, and can be easily made by 
ladies. Several mill-dams are passed, affording ample 
facilities for fishing. Indeed, the walk to Bream's 
Tavern, tAVO and one half miles, is along the stream, 

1 To go to Weigle's Mill : drive back the Chambersburg turnpike to the 
first road to the right, down which you turn a short distance to the mill. 
Then, if the party wish, you can reverse the next route given, and by it 
return to town. 



BREAM'S TAVERN, (57 

generally sheltered by shade trees, and embraces many 
interesting bits of scenery, particularly to those artist- 
ically inclined. 

bream's TAYERlSr. 

The direct route to this locality from town is out the 
Millerstown road; but the more picturesque one will 
be to turn to the right after passing Buford's Ridge, 
and follow a winding course along a country road. 
Having forded Willoughby Run we climb a hill, on 
which once stood the finest country residence in Adams 
County. Of this nothing now remains but blackened 
ruins, a sad reminder of the terrible ravages of war. 
The grove beyond sheltered the skirmishers of Petti- 
grew' s brigade. The buildings were occupied by a 
detachment from the 20th New York State Militia. 
Shots were exchanged, and a sharp fusilade kept up. 
It is reported that when the final charge was made, 
and these buildings were passed, the chaplain of the 
52d North Carolina regiment, believing in his enthu- 
siasm that the Confederate cause required it, applied 
the torch, notwithstanding the earnest remonstrance of 
the old man and his daughter in charge. The private 
roadway leading to the Springs Hotel is just beyond, 
along which its guests should drive to make the trip to 
Bream's Tavern. From this we continue to the crest, 
and down the opposite slope, through the valley and 
up the rise. On the summit a road leads to the ria^ht 



f.8 



GETTYSBURG. 



along the crest to Herr's Tavern, on the Chambersburg 
turnpike, and a very pleasant drive it makes. Beyond 
this another road turns to the left, and leads through a 
fine agricultural country down to Bream's Tavern. 



BREAM S MILL. 




r.\>c;„.--« ^^ 



BREAM'S MILL. 69 

If our party from above liave not yet arrived, a short 
but interesting drive can be made, in the interval, by 
continuing to Bream's Mill, a half mile down the stream. 
Ford the creek below the mill, and take the right hand 
path up the stream. Two gunshots above the old mill 
you can alight if you desire, and leave your carriage in 
the shade of the fine old sycamores; cross to the field 
at your right, and a stone's throw from the fence you 
will find an excellent 

SULPHUR SPEING, 

Not highly, but sufficiently impregnated to establisn 
the character of its waters. The drive can now be 
continued up the stream, which is frequently crossed 
and recrossed as we continue along the rich bottom, 
shaded by sycamore, oak, and hickory : many fine pic- 
nic grounds will be noted by the way-side. The charac- 
ter of the scenery is similar to that above, visited from 
the Chambersburg road, with this addition. Here the 
western bank is walled by high ledges, crowned with 
rich and varied foliage, while forms of beauty clinging 
to the projecting crags dance in the babbling stream 
below. The path above winds along the valley, pass- 
ing the ruins of an old mill-dam, and intersects the 
Millerstown road a half mile west from Bream's Tavern, 
back to which we drive. If scenery of a still wilder 
character is desired, we turn again towards Bream's 



70 GETTYSBURG. 

Mill, On the hill-top leave the carriage, walk 
clown to the right, and you soon reach a grove, 
and descend to a precipitous bank, heavily wooded, 
which overhangs the stream, the water of which 
is here deepened by the mill-dam below. This is a 
wild and romantic resort, which will more particu- 
larly interest persons fond of fishing. In the return to 
town, either of several very pleasant routes may be 
taken. The drive may be continued down the creek 
to the White Bridge ; then turning to the left, to the 
school-house at Pitzer's Corner; or the same point may 
be reached more direct by a cross road to Willoughby 
Run and the school-house, thence crossing to the 
Peach Orchard, and return to town by the Emmetts- 
burg road. These drives are worthy of a more ex- 
tended notice, which will be given further on. We 
will return direct to town, and complete the move- 
ments of the first day's battle. 

THE IIAKRISBUEG ROAD. 

From the " Square " we drive out Carlisle Street 
past the depot, and turn at the first street short to the 
right, which leads into the Harrisburg road. Here 
halting a moment, you look across the road and the 
field beyond into a valley through which flows Ste- 
vens' Run. Tracing the valley to the left, you ob- 
serve a grove which marks its entrance into Rock 



THE HARRISBURG ROAD. 71 

Creek. HoJces brigade crossed the creek at this point, 
continued up the Run, and was met by Costar's bri- 
gade of the Eleventh corps, near the brick kiln, D-15.' 
If we now drive out the Harrisburg road to the brow 
of the hill, we shall see the Almshouse buildings before 
us. Turning to the left we have a fine view of Oak 
Hill and Seminary Ridge stretching away still fur- 
ther to the left, on which the First corps lay. The 
fields across which Schimmelphennig's division of the 
Eleventh corps formed, are on our left. His right 
extended to a point beyond the Almshouse. Barlow's 
division came later upon the field, moving from left to 
right in his rear, passed through the valley in oui 
front, crossed the road, and massed under the brow oi 
the ridge before us, to which point we now go. We 
have reached the second ridge, and the landscape 
changes. The ground now rises to the left to a 
rounded hill surmounted by a forest. To this place 
General Barlow moved his division, and formed on a 
prolongation of the line of Schurz's division, with his 
right refused to Rock Creek, which runs through the 
valley in our front. Looking over this, the ground 
rises to a forest, behind which Earhfs division formed, 
and under cover of the fire of Jones' artillery posted at 
the grove, advanced to attack the Eleventh corps, 
which was then engaged with Dole's Georgia brigade, 
which had just moved down from the high ground on 



72 GETTYSBURG. 

the left. Wilkinson's battery, G, 4th U. S., was 
posted on the knoll. He soon fell mortally wounded, 
and in the fierce encounter which followed, General 
Baelow was severely wounded while trying to rally his 
men, and left on the field. The hill where he fell we 
will call Barlow's Knoll, c-ie. The particulars of this 
engagement are given from Oak Hill, which the visitor 




can read at his leisure. He may now return to town, 
or continue the drive across the creek and up to the 
grove. The artillery stood in the field at our right, 
c-18, Earli/'s division debouched from the grove at the 
left, charging down to the creek, c-i?, is, A cross road 
turns to the left immediately beyond the grove, and an- 



HOSPITAL HILL. 73 

other a mile from this. Either will lead to the Carlisle 
road, by which we can return to town over a well hard- 
ened road, entering on Carlisle Street. This is a lovely 
drive ; Rock Creek, which is here quite shallow, winds 
its course among the trees of lofty hickory groves, in 
the openings of which are rich meadows and cozy 
farm-houses. The sweet melody of the forest trees, 
the fragrant fields and melodious winds, will give us 
a pleasing variety before we continue our examina- 
tion of the field of battle. 

HOSPITAL HILL 

lies northeast from the town, is approached by the 
York road, and is the summit-crown of an extended 
ridge. Although seldom visited now, yet it became 
a scene of the saddest interest — the one that is most 
instructive yet least described in war histories — im- 
mediately after the sanguinary struggle closed. Here 
the living victims of the fight were gathered into a 
general hospital, from hill and dale, and barn and 
house, all over the vast area of contention. No dis- 
tinction was known. The man in gray laid by the side 
of the man in blue whose ball pierced him, or whose 
shell made that fearful slash. Those who had sousi:ht 
each other's lives in fiercest blood-thirstiness, now 
peacefully occupied contiguous cots, and received the 
cooling draught and the tender care of physician, 



74 GETTYSBURG. 

nurse, and philanthropist, at the same moment, and of 
like kindly solicitude. Here came the benevolent mis- 
sionaries of the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, to 
rescue those who could live, and bury those who died. 
Great numbers were fated to close life there, and 
many were rescued and taken to their homes by rela- 
tives and friends. Notwithstanding the mournful mem- 
ories of this hill, it is still a very charming spot. Its 
commanding location, its leafy shades of hickory and 
oak, its sjDring of delicious and pure water, indeed, all 
its surroundings, invite the traveller to pause and rest 
and ponder. An entirely new yet interesting view of 
the field can be had from this locality. 

YORK STREET. 

If a half hour remains vniappropriated from the 
hours of driving, we can stop on our return and 
receive an instructive lesson. Or if perchance the 
visitor in town would spend an hour pleasantly and 
profitably, let him walk out York Street to the suburbs. 
The road to the left leads to York, past Hospital Hill ; 
but we continue on the Hanover road to the brow of 
the ridge, where the lane turns down to the right, e-is. 
This locality will be examined with unusual interest by 
the military visitor, showing as it does the obstacles 
overcome in the assault upon the heights in front. 
After Costar's brigade retreated to Cemetery Hill on 



YORK STREET. 75 

the evening of the 1st, HoJces brigade, with which it 
had been engaged, followed ; passing to the east of the 
town, it halted and lay for the night in the valley in 
our front as we face the south. Hades' brigade lay on 
its right in Third Street, the location of which is marked 
by two buildings with spires, standing conspicuously on 
the brow of the hill in the eastern part of the town. 
To the left from this can be seen the Cemetery, with 
its National Monument rising to the sky. East Ceme- 
tery Hill is further to the left. It pushes boldly out to 
the front, and when crowned with artillery must have 
presented a formidable appearance. Culp's Hill, forest 
clad, is directly in our front. Between this and East 
Cemetery Hill is Stevens' Knoll ; we look over a ridge 
which completely covered HoJces brigade from the 
Union fire when it lay in the valley. Turning to the 
left from Culp's Hill, we see Wolf Hill, also covered 
with timl^er. Further to the left, yet nearer, is Ben- 
ner's Hill, which stretches away towards the north to 
Hospital Hill. Graham s twenty-four pounders were in 
position there near the point of the grove. His shell 
fell thickly among the tombstones on Cemetery Hill. 
Johnson s division lay on the eastern face of Benner's 
Hill, from which locality it advanced through the val- 
ley, on the night of the 2d, and attacked the Twelfth 
corps on Culp's Hill. 



76 GETTYSBURG. 



THE RAILROAD. 



If the visitor has not had an opportunity to go to 
Oak Hill, or out the Harrisburg road, and would like 
to have a brief explanation of the movements of the 
Eleventh corps, he should turn to the left from the 
place where we stand, walk through the lane, cross the 
York road, and continue to the railroad bank. From 
this point, looking a little to the left, we see Oak Hill 
in our front. Bodes' division, with Carter s artillery, 
was posted here. The crest to the left from this is 
Seminary Kidge, which was occupied by the First corps. 
Its forests make a fine background for the town. The 
Eleventh corps lay in the open fields, its left be- 
yond the college, the prominent white building in the 
suburbs, and stretched in line of battle to the right, 
past the Almshouse, to the rounded crest beyond, called 
Barlow's Knoll; then turned back to Rock Creek in the 
valley below. While in this position, engaged with 
Doles' brigade, Early's division reached the field, ad- 
vanced through the grove, seen over Barlow's Knoll, 
and joined in the attack. The Union troops were soon 
forced to fall back through the town to the heights of 
Cemetery Hill. 

Having examined pretty thoroughly the locality and 
movements of the first day's battle, we now turn to 
the left, to which part of the field we will make an 
excursion. 



DRIVE TO ROUND TOP. 77 

DRIVE TO ROUND TOP. 

While passing out Baltimore Street, a few points 
3f interest may be noted. The Confederate line of 
battle was formed through Third Street. Hayes bri- 
gade lay to the left of Baltimore Street, and Gordon s 
brigade on the right. As you descend to the valley in 
the south part of the town, marks of the battle can 
still be seen, particularly in the brick walls of build- 
ings exposed to fire from Union sharp-shooters. The 
dividing line between the armies was at the tannery 
on the right, marked also by a watering trough on 
the left. We turn to the right into the Emmettsburg 
road. At the time of the battle, the stone wall on 
the left had traverses constructed at right angles 
with it, and about thirty feet apart, to cover the troops. 
Washington Street crosses this, and turns back to 
town. At the left it is called the Taney town road. 
Some new brick buildings have been constructed on 
the corner, but the old stone cottage, fifty yards be- 
yond, stood there then, and received the body of 
General Reynolds when brought from the field. The 
Union skirmish line ran over the ridge to the right. 
The red barn on your left has been erected since the 
battle ; but the little white cottage by the roadside 
stood there then. Ziegler's Grove, at your left, marks 
the position of the Union line of battle. As you pass 



V8 GETTYSBURG. 

the white cottage Corclora's brick house will be seen 
ahead. Remember it was from this house that the 
First corps turned to its left on the first day, and 
crossed the fields to the Seminary. The wliite cot- 
tage in the field at the left was General Hays' head- 
quarters. It has received a second story since the 
battle. The Union line ran between the house and 
barn, and along the wall, to a small evergreen tree ; 
at which point the wall makes an angle, running fifty 
yards down towards the road, and then turns again 
to the south, along which the line of battle continued. 
General Trimble was wounded and lay under the elm at 
our right. We will stop when the carriage reaches the 
height of land for a more careful examination of the 
position. First let us fix a few landmarks. On 3^our 
left is the peculiar umbrella shaped " copse of trees," 
spoken of in the description of Long street' s assault, 
and you will observe that it cuts sharply against the 
sky. It forms a distinctive landmark from the oppo- 
site side of the field. We have a good view of Semi- 
nary Ridge. The Confederate line of battle, infantry 
and artillery, lay along its crest. The artillery Avas 
also in position from the Seminary to Oak Hill, along 
the ridge seen to the north and right of the Seminary. 
The cupola of the Springs Hotel rises to the left 
from the Seminary, while the South Mountains form 
a fine background in the distance. It should be 



THE EMMETTSBURG ROAD. 79 

borne in mind that two distinct engagements oc- 
curred on the fields as we look towards Round Top; 
one on the afternoon of the second day, when the 
Third corps was forced back from the Emmettsburg 
road ; and also on the afternoon of the third, when 
Longstreef s celebrated assault was made across the very 
ground where we stand. On the evening of the second, 
the battle extended northward to embrace Cordora's 
house, to which point General Hancock sent three 
regiments to cover the retreating line, e-9. All were 
pushed l)ack, however, to the " copse of trees ; " but 
not with sufficient momentum to carry the position. 

On the third, the battle was on a grander scale, 
a general description of which has already been given ; 
yet we should not pass on without knowing that we 
now stand on historic soil, the famous spot where that 
great contest raged. On yonder ridge at our right 
was posted the Confederate artillery, as far as the eye 
can see ; and here, at our left, from Cemetery Hill to 
Round Top, were the Union guns. The cannonade 
which followed was indeed a fearful spectacle. The air 
above us was rent and torn by screaming shot and 
shrieking shell, the very earth trembling with the 
concussion. It ceased at last, and out from yonder 
groves emerged a line of battle, and then another, 
and yet a third moved out, and this enormous column 
swept grandly on. The stillness which pervaded the 



80 GETTYSBURG. 

Union ranks was awful ! The soldiers held their 
breath ; past experience taught them that the deci- 
sive moment of the battle was at hand. It seemed 
impossible to resist this living, moving avalanche of 
men. As the lines rose from the valley, the artillery 
from Cemetery Hill to Round Top opened a converg- 
ing fire. Shot and shell now tore through their ranks ; 
dust and smoke enveloped the seething mass, through 
which in pitiless fury showers of canister swept. Yet 
on they marched ! This road is crossed, and from lines 
of musketry behind yonder wall leap sheets of livid 
flame, deluging all with a shower of lead. Men went 
down by hundreds and thousands, and in the mad des- 
peration of the moment, the dead and dj^ing Avere 
trampled by their enthusiastic comrades, who strove to 
reach the wall, or by those who ran with wild panic 
through the ranks, and fled beyond the hills from 
which they had emerged. 

As we pass into the valley beyond Cordora's house, 
the small tree by the road-side on the left marks the 
right of the Third corps' line of battle. Carr's brigade 
of Humphreys' division extended through the apple 
orchard on the hill, supported by Brewster's brigade. 
It is hard to realize, as we look across this beautiful 
field to Round Top, that it was once the theatre of 
such a fearful scene. It was here, at the close of the 
second day's battle, that General Humphreys " changed 



THE PEACH ORCHARD. 81 

front to the rear " while engaghig Barksdales brigade 
on his left, and Wilcox's, Perry s, and Wrights brigades 
on his right. 

As we pass the house on the hill, we look down 
upon the Peach Orchard at our left. Graham's bri- 
gade was posted there, its right along the Emmetts- 
burg road, its left turned back along the cross road, 
to which place we will drive. Mr. Sherfey's house on 
the right bears many scars of the battle. His barn was 
burned, and many bodies of dead Union soldiers were 
consumed with it.^ John Wentz, a man eighty-seven 
years of age, and his wife, aged eighty-five, lived in 
the little- house on the left, and Avitli a daughter re- 
mained there during the battle. It is said that a son 
in the Confederate service came and protected them, 
and slept two nights at the house. The road falls with 
the ground beyond this, forming a deep valley through 
which a portion of McLaivs division advanced during 
the battle, entirely covered from artillery fire. This 
corner of the road formed the salient of General 
Sickles' line. From here it turned back towards 
Round Top. 

As you look along the Emmettsburg road you ob- 

1 The 114th Pennsylvania Volunteers were posted here, and lost heavily 
in killed, wounded, and prisoners. A rumor is afloat that wounded men 
were burned in this building, but the writer met a Confederate officer, in 
hospital, who assured him that he was personally in the barn immediately 
before it was burned and that such was not the case. 



82 GETTYSBURG. 

serve a grove on the ridge through which the road 
passes. Longsireef s right flank advanced from here 
to attack the left of General Sickles' line near Round 
Top, each brigade advancing to the attack as that on 
its right became engaged, until finally the entire line 
had been pushed forward to the woods. It will now 
be seen that the guns of Henry s battalion on Semi- 
nary Ridge, where it is crossed by the Emmettsburg 
road, could enfilade that portion of the Union line 
along which we have passed. By turning to the west 
it will also be seen that the Washington New Orleans 
artillery, Eshlemans battalion, posted at the edge of 
the woods on the right of the cross road, could sweep 
the left of the Union line. This is the position as- 
saulted by General Barksdale. He was wounded at 
Sherfey's barn, but kept his saddle. General Geaham 
was severely wounded and made prisoner. 

Artillery was placed in every available position in 
the vicinity of the Peach Orchard ^ (see Isometrical 
Drawing). General Sickles received the wound which 
resulted in the loss of a leg, in the field beyond the 
grove on the left, as we turn to the right toward 
Round Top. 

i The Peach Orchard of battle renown has already passed away. It occu- 
pied the corner of the field at the intersection of the cross road with the 
Emmettsburg road. The present orchards were then small trees ; others 
are continually added, as the fame of this orchai'd has created a demand for 
the fruit, which is now extensively canned and shipped by Mr. Sherfey, the 
owner. 



THE DEVIL'S DEN. 83 

Having descended the short hill, we stop on the 
slight rise beyond, turn across the road, and we have 
before us the famous wheat field, — the whirlpool of 
the battle, in whose yawning vortex line after line 
fought. A beautiful field of uncut wheat stood here in 
the morning ; at night it was hard to tell the growth. 
The open fields between the Peach Orchard and wood 
were covered by artillery fire. The infantry line com- 
menced again on the rocky, forest-clad knoll in our 
front, crossed the field, through the grove on the left 
to the foot of Round Top. There are two ways to go 
to Little Round Top. Either continue across the flat 
ground to the crest, where a path turns back, by which 
you can drive nearly to the summit, or turn to the 
right down between Little Round Top and Houck's 
Ridge to 

THE devil's den. 

Prompted by the associations connected with this 
weird spot, many will alight here, not only to study 
the romantic scenery, but to examine the position 
where the left of General Sickles' line rested. To 
appreciate this fully, however, and to realize the 
desperate character of the attack, it is better to go up 
the hill at the right, from which a commanding view 
can be had. The pathway up between the Round 
Tops is rough, yet many will wish to go over the 
ground where Law's and Robertson's brigades ad- 



84 GETTYSBURG. 

vanced to engage Vincent's and the left of Weed's, 
on the high land above. Plum Run, a mere rivulet at 
this point, is easily crossed, and we wind our way up 
among the rocks and trees to a stone wall. This wall, 
although built to protect the troops, was constructed 
after the engagement on this part of the field. It con- 
tinues nearly to the top of Round Top, and also around 
in front of Little Round Top. From this place we 
make the ascent of 

BOUND TOP. 

It is easily accomplished, however, on horseback or 
by the pedestrian, notwithstanding the path leads up a 
rugged way. At places enormous boulders overhang 
deep chasms, but the mosses of ages have rounded 
their outlines, and a luxuriant growth of ferns will 
delight the romantic lover of nature. 

The finest view from the summit is towards the 
south, where the eye stretches away for miles into 
northern Maryland over an extensive champaign 
country, giving a beautiful diversity to the character 
of the scenery. The view to the west and north is 
obstructed somewhat in midsummer by the foliage, 
although it would be a great pity to cut it away ; but 
the public will demand, and all will soon see that there 
should be an observatory on this mountain, which 
would afford a magnificent view, not only of the battle- 
field but of the surrounding country. 





'-■^?A 




LITTLE ROUND TOP. 



85 



Returning to our carriages, we observe a sharp rise 
to the left. It is Vincent's Spur. Here occurred one 
of the hardest contested scenes of the battle. Vin- 
cent's brigade lay along the summit of this ridge, and 
was attacked by Law's and Robertson s brigade of Hood's 
division. Its brave commander was killed off to the 
left, where the spur unites with Little Round Top. 
The carriages will drive around the south point of the 
ridge,^ while we walk over it to 

LITTLE ROUND TOP. 




1 At the time of preparing this work there is no path connecting this part 
of the hill with the northern face of Little Round Top ; but there are no 



86 GETTYSBURG. 

If Little Round Top is ascended by this route, the 
view is concealed until you rise the crest. Then from 
its summit the battle-field in all its vast expanse opens 
in magnificent grandeur before you. You look down 
upon a landscape of unusual loveliness. Field and 
forest, hill and dale, cottage and farm-house, melt into 
one harmonious whole. At the time of the battle the 
wood had been recently cut away, on its western face, 
which gave the rough, naked sides of this artillery 
crowned crest the appearance of an immense battle- 
ment, while the view of the battle from this spot was 
supremely grand. 

Having examined so critically the formation of the 
second day's line of battle, it will require but a brief 
description to give a general idea of the engagement. 

At four o'clock on the afternoon of the 2d (the 
Third corps being in the position already explained), 
Hood's division advanced to attack the left of General 
Sickles' line, which lay at the Devil's Den. General 
Hood was wounded at the commencement of the move- 
ment, and General Robertson assumed command. Gen- 
eral Warren chanced at that moment to be upon Little 
Round Top ; but a glance sufficed to show him that 
the flank of the Third corps was in danger of being 

serious difficulties to prevent the construction of one, of easy grade, from the 
Devil's Den to the summit of Little Round Top, and along its posterior 
slope to the northern side. This will materially add to the interest of the 
drive. 



LITTLE ROUND TOP. 87 

turned, in which case these heights would be seized 
by Confederate troops. In the mean time, General 
Sickles, by previous direction of General Meade, 
had called on General Sykes, commanding the Fifth 
corps for reinforcements, and he ordered forward 
Barnes', Ayres', and Crawford's divisions in succes- 
sion. Barnes' division was the first to move. These 
troops were seen by General Warren as they came 
up from Rock Creek, who at once hurried to General 
Barnes and received permission to detach Vincent's 
brigade, which was taken rapidly up the posterior 
slope of Little Round Top, and arrived at the brow of 
the " spur " just as the Confederate line, having passed 
the left of Birney's division, came rushing up the 
valley. The 140th New York of Weed's brigade, by 
direction of General Warren, came in at nearly the 
same moment, and formed on Vincent's right; and 
in an instant the troops were engaged in a desper- 
ate contest, which only ended with the darkness. A 
portion of the same line had encountered the left of 
the Third corps at the Devil's Den. As Long sir eef s 
successive brigades advanced, the battle extended to 
the wheat field and Peach Orchard. Tilton's and 
Sweitzer's brigade of Barnes' division passed to the 
front through the fields at our right, and crossed the 
Peach Orchard road, through the valley at the upper 
side of the wheat field, and formed on the rocky, 



88 GETTYSBURG. 

wooded knoll beyond, relieving De Trodriand's bri- 
gade. These were subsequently relieved by Cald- 
well's division of the Second corps, and during the 
engagement, which followed. General Zook, Colonel 
Cross, and Colonel Brooke were wounded, Zook and 
Cross mortally ; General Semmes was killed, and Gen- 
eral Anderson wounded. The Union artillery at the 
Peach Orchard, and the Confederate guns on Semi- 
nary Ridge were all the time engaged in a terrific 
duel. In the mean time Ayres' division reached the 
field. Weed's brigade was ordered to this hill, to 
support Hazlett's battery, which its commander 
had dragged to these heights, under the direction 
of Captain Martin, chief of the Fifth corps artillery. 
The two brigades of regulars had advanced across the 
swale to the ridge in our front, while Crawford's 
division " massed in column by division " in an open 
space on the northern face of the hill. The superior 
situation of the Confederate batteries, allowing a con- 
centrated and cross-fire on the Peach Orchard, com- 
pelled the Union guns to retire, but General Graham, 
commanding the infantry, continued to defend the posi- 
tion. At this time Barksdales brigade advanced to the 
assault, and finally succeeded in breaking General 
Graham's line. It was then that General Barksdale 
was first wounded, and General Graham was also seri- 
ously wounded and made prisoner. General Sickles 



LITTLE ROUND TOP. 89 

was wounded soon after, and General Birney assumed 
command of the corps. He now directed General 
Humphreys, w^liose line lay along the Emmettsburg 
road, to " change front to the rear." General 
Woford's brigade, which lay in rear of Barksdales, ad- -^ 
vanced through the opening made by the falling back 
of Graham's command, and turning to its right swept 
down across the fields, and attacking Sweitzer's bri- 
gade, on its flank and rear, forced it from the field. 
Hood's division and portions of McLaws' on iVqf'ord's 
right now advanced again. The " regulars " were at- 
tacked in front and flank, and compelled to fall back. 
Hazlett's battery now opened an eflective fire from 
these heights. General Weed, whose brigade sup- 
ported him, was soon stricken down by the sharp- 
shooter's bullet, and while receiving his dying message. 
Lieutenant Haslett received a fatal shot, and fell 
across the body of his fallen comrade. 

The Sixth corps. General Sedgwick, had now come 
up, and was formed en masse in the open field at the 
northern base of this hill, with Nevin's brigade on the 
crest. Crawford's division had just moved from this 
opening over the crest. In obedience to an earnest 
request, Fisher's brigade was sent to the left to re- 
inforce Vincent's brigade, then under command of 
Cobnel Rice ; while McCandless' brigade moved down 
the hill-side, and formed among the scatterino; trees. 



90 GETTYSBURG. 

At this moment, the entire Union force along this front 
was broken and j)i-ished back across the flat ground, 
followed by WoforcVs brigade and other troops, which 
received a telling fire of musketry from McCandless' 
command at the foot of the hill. The impracticability 
of carrying this stronghold was instantly seen by the 
Confederate commander, who ordered a retreat. At 
the same time General Ckawford led McCandless' 
brigade in a dashing charge down the hill, across the 
swale, to the wheat field, followed and supported by 
Nevin's brigade. 

On observino" that Barksdale s brio;ade had " chano-ed 
direction to the left," and was about to take his 
division in reverse, General Humphreys ordered it to 
" change front to the rear," which difficult evolution 
was gallantly executed, yet scarcely completed, when 
Wilcox's, Perry's, and Wright's brigades swept over the 
ridge, and attacked him on the right. It would 
xequire the pages of history to give a detailed account 
of the incidents of this battle from Round Top to this 
point, but I will allude to a few, which will be an index 
to the character of the whole. In the thick of the 
fight, as General Humphreys and his officers were 
using every exertion to hold the troops, the General 
saw Captain Chester of his staff spring with a con- 
vulsive start ; turning to his commander, Chester said, 
" General, I'm shot ! " General Humphreys, who had 



LITTLE ROUND TOP. 91 

noted his gallantry in sustaining the line, sprang to his 
assistance, and clasping him with his arm, sustained him 
in the saddle until Captain Harry Humphreys, his son, 
could take him in charge. An orderly took the horse 
to lead him from the field, when at the instant a round 
shot killed the horse, and carried away the orderly's 
head. At this moment General Humphreys' horse, 
bleeding from seven bullet wounds, was struck by a 
shell, and springing convulsively into the air, threw 
his rider violently to the ground, though fortunately 
not seriously injuring him. Just then, Captain Hum- 
phreys was shot through the arm ; General Carr had 
his horse killed under him, and Captains McClellan 
and Cavada both had their horses killed. A portion 
of the guns of Turnbull's battery " retired with pro- 
longe " firing as they went, others were drawn\)fF by 
hand, by the infantry, and others were captured. By 
this almost superhuman eifort the attacking force was 
held in check, until portions of the First, Second, and 
Twelfth corps could be brought up by General Meade, 
and a new line formed on Cemetery Ridge ; here the 
battle ended on the left for the night. The reader 
must not suppose this an exceptional case ; there was 
not an acre of ground between this and Round Top 
where the fighting was not as severe as here, and in 
more than one case the field was fought over re- 
peatedly by successive commands. 



92 



GETTYSBURG. 



THE RETUKlSr. 

In our drive to town we will first go to the Peach 
Orchard ; then if time will permit, we will cross the 
Emmettsburg road, continue to and over Seminary 
Ridge, and drive to the School-house at Pitzer's 
Corner. Here we turn to the right, cross the stream, 
and enter a magnificent grove, which is permeated 




by private driveways leading to stately farms and 
rural cottages. The " thatch " roof may still occa- 
sionally be seen in this vicinity. If the direct road 
were continued it leads to Bream's Tavern, but we 
turn to the right after leaving the grove, down to 
Willotighby Run, up which we drive. The route leads 
along a high bank, which overhangs the stream. Hav- 
ing reached the Millerstown Road, we turn to the right 
to town or drive through the grove to the road 



EXCURSION TO GULP'S HILL. 93 

beyond, which leads into the Millerstown road. This 
also takes us to the private road leading to the Springs 
Hotel. 

EXCUKSION TO CULP's HILL. 

There is, probably, no place on the Gettysburg battle- 
field which presents such strong attractions as Gulp's 
Hill. It is natural that the visitor should wish to see 
some tangible evidence of the results of the battle. 
Many portions of the field have since been cultivated, 
and little remains to distinguish them from other and 
contiguous grounds. But here there is no mistaking 
the fact that some great and unusual event has oc- 
curred. The destruction of the forest is perhaps the 
most marked characteristic. In the midst of a healthy 
growth of fine old oak and hickory, many of the trees 
are battered and dying from the effects of the terrible 
musketry fire. Indeed, over acres they have already 
gone to decay, and are being blown to the ground by 
every storm. 

The remains of breastworks, occupied during the bat- 
tle, also form an interesting feature. It is to be regret- 
ted, however, that greater efforts have not been made 
to preserve them ; and even now they could be easily 
rebuilt, and would make the most appropriate memen- 
toes . and lasting monuments for the study of future 
generations. 

To visit Gulp's Hill you go out the Baltimore turn- 



94 GETTYSBURG. 

pike, pass the Cemetery, continue down the hill to the 
lane which leads to the left at the cottage. This you 
enter, but stop at the farther extremity to examine the 
position. Looking to the left toward town, the eye 
runs along a stone wall, at the base of the hill, which 
was occupied by the Eleventh corps line of battle. 
That portion nearest you was taken up by Carroll's 
brigade on the evening of the 2d, which continued to 
hold it till the close of the battle. The 33d Massachu- 
setts regiment was also detached from its brigade in the 
Cemetery, and placed at the stone wall at our right, 
shaded by an apple orchard. The path leads to the 
right, and rises over the northern face of Stevens' Knoll. 
This elevation was occupied from the first night of the 
battle by the 5th Maine battery, Captain Stevens. The 
redans thrown up to protect the guns can still be seen. 

There is no better place from which to study the 
attack and defense of East Cemetery Hill on the second 
night of the battle. The explanations from that local- 
ity, and from " York Street," will have prepared the 
reader for the brief description given here. 

ASSAULT OF HAYEs' AND HOKE's BRIGADES. 

Facing to the northwest, leaving the town at our left 
front, with Cemetery Hill on the left, we have immedi- 
ately before us a cultivated ridge, extending from Cem- 
etery Hill toward the east. A brick farm-house is be- 



ASSAULT ON EAST CEMETERY HILL. 95 

yond, to our right. When Ilokes brigade of Eavlij's 
division advanced from the place of its engagement with 
Costar's brigade at the brick kihi, on the first day, it 
halted and lay for the night beyond this ridge, with 
Hafjes' brigade on its right, laying along Third Street 
in town. Barlow's division, commanded by General, 
Ames, lay at the stone wall along the base of East 
Cemetery Hill, supporting the artillery on its crest. 

As the shades of twilight deepened, Hayes' brigade 
moved by its left from town, and, uniting with Ilokes 
brigade, advanced to attack East Cemetery Hill. Great 
gallantry was displayed in this assault. The Union line 
was broken and forced back through the batteries, fol- 
lowed by the enthusiastic Confederates to the guns on 
the summit. Wiedrick's battery was captured entire, 
and two guns of Rickett's battery were " spiked." But 
the assaulting party, which had suffered comparatively 
little in the direct attack, being bfelow the jwint-hlank 
range of the guns, now came directly under the flank 
fire of Stevens' battery, from this knoll ; which, w4th 
double-shotted canister, poured death and destruction 
into their ranks ; while the 33d Massachusetts regiment 
opened at " left oblique " a withering fire of musketry. 
At this moment Carroll's brigade, and the 106th Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers, with some reinforcements from 
Schurz's division, came sweeping over the hill, dashed 
down with a cheer and a volley ; the guns were re- 



96 GETTYSBURG. 

taken, and the line reestablished. This ended the sec- 
ond day's battle. Colonel Avery, commanding Hokes 
brigade, was mortally wounded in this assault. 

Resuming our drive we observe a line of earthworks 
running up the slope of Gulp's Hill. This marks the 
position of the left of Meredith's brigade of Wads- 
worth's division. The visitor is advised to alight and 
follow the line over the hill on foot ; while the carriage 
continues by the path to the " angle " in the works be- 
yond. Cutler's brigade lay on the right of Meredith, 
its right resting on the summit. From here the line 
was prolonged by the Twelfth corps. Greene's brigade 
of Geary's division joined Wadsworth's division. Its 
line ran down the hill to the " angle " in the works, 
where we shall meet our carriage. The portion of 
Gulp's Hill in front of these works is exceedingly rough 
and precipitous. Just before reaching the rendezvous, 
the carriage crossed a valley or depression in the ground, 
in which General Greene held his reserves. From this 
place they rushed over to the relief of the men in the 
trenches, when their ammunition was expended. One 
regiment of Greene's was beyond the " angle." 
Kane's and Candy's brigades of Geary's division, and 
McDougall's brigade of Ruger's (General Williams 
commanded the corps) extended the line over the hill 
to the meadow beyond ; with Golgrove's brigade of 
Ruger's division, and Lockwood's independent brigade 



GULP'S HILL. 97 

on the east side of the swale. These troops, excepting 
Greene's brigade, were ordered to the left to reinforce 
the Third corps. The main attack of Johnsons division 
on the night of the 2d, was against Greene's brigade, 
along the hill-side ; but eventually it was discovered 
that the works on his right had been vacated, or com- 
paratively so. An advance was then made by Stuart's 
brigade, which passed over them, and from the grove 
on the opposite ridge, opened fire upon the left of 
Greene, whose right had now been refused along a 
traverse constructed at the angle ; and from that pro- 
longed through the woods, at right angles to the main 
line toward the Baltimore turnpike. This was the 
position occupied by the troops after their return from 
the left and during the engagement on the morning 
of the 3d. The Union line was reinforced in the fore- 
noon by Shaler's brigade of the Sixth corps, Lock- 
wood's independent brigade of the Twelfth corps, and 
some regiments from the First and Eleventh corps; 
while Daniels', O'NeaVs, Walker s, and Smitlis brigades 
were sent to the assistance of Johnsons division. 

As we continue the drive through the valley and over 
the ridge, we pass along a stone wall, over which is a 
stile ; the path from it leads down, a stone's throw, to 
a spring of pure cold water. This locality and the 
grove at the left, as we drive down to 

7 



98 



GETTYSBURG. 



ROCK CREEK, 




Has from time immemorial been the picnic gromid of 
the citizens of Gettysburg. And to-day, fathers arid 
mothers with their happy brood can frequently be seen 
with well-filled baskets, driving to this favorite resort, 
where they, with their fathers and mothers, have so 
often been before. The fine old forest, the adjacent 
stream, and the diversified character of the scenery, 
afford ample amusement for the young and recreation 
for the aged. 



ROCK CREEK. 99 

From how small a variety does nature give us the 
most beautiful effects. We have here the babbling 
stream, following its tortuous course among the rocks ; 
the quiet eclcly, swej)t by the overhanging shrub ; the 
towering oak, monarch of the forest, with the luxuriant 
vine clinging to it for support; the huge boulder 
from some far off land, — yet combined, how charming 
the landscape. How potent the influence of a scene 
like this, which electrifies the inmost recesses of the 
soul. While here, we should look out from the forest 
to the meadow at our right. In the grove beyond, 
Colgrove's brigade formed across the "point" to the 
water and turned back to its right among the rocks, 
with Lockwood's brigade on its right. This locality is 
not accessible to a carriage, yet it can easily be reached 
by the pedestrian. 

Neill's brigade of the Sixth corps lay on the east 
side of Rock Creek, opposite from McAllister's mill. 
The most direct route to Neill's position from town, is 
to continue down the Baltimore pike and turn to the 
left below the mill, before crossing the bridge ; ford the 
stream, and thread your course up a picturesque path- 
way to a small house on the hill. This was held by the 
advance skirmish line of Walker s brigade. From this, 
look down toward the south, and Neill's brigade lay 
behind the second stone wall. He held the extreme 
right of the infantry line of battle, but a line of cavalry 



100 GETTYSBURG. 

videttes extended over Wolf Hill. We can also reach 
this position from Rock Creek bj first going up the 
stream to the ford, then turn to the right, and follow 
down its eastern bank. We soon pass a stone cot- 
tage, and from this a rough path leads, amid wild and 
picturesque scenery, into the road from the Baltimore 
pike before mentioned, which we follow to the hill-top 
as before.^ We can, if we wish, wind our way among 
the rocks, up by McAllister's mill to the Baltimore pike 
and home. Still another course is open to us, which, 
though considerably longer, will furnish even a greater 
variety of scenery. From the picnic grove we turn up 
Rock Creek and ford it as before ; then turning to the 
left we drive, on a good road, along its banks, shaded by 
overhanging trees up to the Hanover road. The town 
will be seen a short distance to the left ; but we turn to 
the right and go 

OVER BENNER's hill TO WOLF HILL. 

Those wishing to take this drive without going to 
-Gulp's Hill, should leave town by York Street, and con- 
tinue on the Hanover road. 

Benner's Hill affords a fine landscape view, and would 
well repay a visit, aside from the interest in it as a mil- 
itary position. It was occupied by Andrews' battalion 
of artillery, commanded by Major Latimer, a gallant 

1 This route was passable immediately after the battle. 



WOLF HILL. 101 

officer, who was mortally wounded during the battle. 
Johnson^s division lay on the eastern side of this hill 
from the first night of the battle until it advanced on 
the evening of the 2d to the assault of the position on 
Gulp's Hill. Having driven on through the valley, we 
turn to the right into a path leading through a grove 
to 

WOLF HILL. 

This is a rough forest-clad elevation located on the 
left bank of Rock Creek, southeast from Benner's Hill, 
and east from Gulp's Hill. A few rural cottages have 
here and there nestled down in the openings among the 
rocks. They are often surrounded by fine gardens, and 
nearly obscured by luxuriant vines, nourished by the 
disintegration of ages. They are approached by rough 
pathways, rendering fast driving impossible. Indeed, 
a good saddle-horse forms the best conveyance for this 
trip, although the residents go with carriages, and there 
is no trouble in doing so with proper care. Having 
crossed the hill to the southern side, we again reach the 
position occupied by the troops during the battle ; con- 
tinuing down the hill, the path divides, that to the right 
leads by a rough way through Rock Greek, past McAl- 
lister's mill to the Baltimore pike. A blind path turns 
from this to the right,^ up Rock Greek, where you can 

1 This path was passable the season after the battle. It may be closed 
now ; should it be, it is easy to turn back. 



102 GETTYSBURG. 

cross and return to town over Gulp's Hill ; or continue 
along the stream to the Hanover road, and return to 
town through York Street. The path to the left, which 
is most frequented, leads down the hill among the boul- 
ders, through the grove to Rock Creek, which we ford, 
and come upon the Baltimore turnpike, between the 
bridge and old saw-mill. If we turn to the right, it 
would lead to town ; but the drive may be lengthened 
by turning to the left on the hill, toward the Taney- 
town road. We pass to the left of Powers' Hill where 
General Slocum had his head-quarters. The first road 
to the right is the direct one, but that to the left is 
pleasanter. We drive through beautiful ' groves and 
past fine fields along a good road, and intersect the 
Taney town road at the foot of Little Round Top. The 
distant landscape views along this route are very pleas- 
ing. At the Taneytown road we can turn to the right 
to town. By this route we drive along the rear of the 
Union line on the third day. The "copse of trees" can 
be seen over the ridge at our left, and we pass by the 
little white cottage before reaching the Cemetery, where 
General Meade had his head-quarters. But our ex- 
cursion may be still farther continued. If desirable 
we can cross by the foot of Little Round Top and the 
wheat field to the Peach Orchard, and return by the 
Emmettsburg road ; or we can continue across the Em- 
mettsburg road and Seminary Ridge to the School- 



MARSH CREEK. 



103 



house at Pitzer's Corner ; turn to the right and return 
by the route described on the return from Round Top ; 
or turn to the left and go down the east side of the 
stream to 

MARSH CREEK. 




A few miles' drive has brought us from the rough 
primeval rocks of Wolf Hill down to the rich alluvial 



104 GETTYSBURG. 

bottoms of Marsh Creek. This stream, which forms the 
western boundary of the battle-field, affords an unusual 
variety of pleasing and picturesque scenery. There is 
nothing awe-inspiring in it; but its deep overhanging 
banks, mantled with rich luxuriant foliage, through 
which some straggling sunbeam penetrates and dances 
in the quiet ripple of its transparent waters, the broad, 
highly cultivated meadows which hem it in, combine to 
give beauty to the scenery, and render this a pleasant 
and interesting excursion. We now ford Marsh Creek, 
and turn to the right, along a beautiful drive to the 
White Bridge. From this point we again have a choice 
of routes. We can continue up the creek to Bream's 
Mill and the Millerstown road, where the scenery is 
exceedingly pleasant, and return to town as already 
explained ; or we can turn to the right, cross to Wil- 
loughby Run and the School-house, then turn to the 
left, ford the stream, and return by the route given 
from Round Top ; or we can cross again to the Peach 
Orchard, and return by the Emmettsburg road as far 
as the Apple Orchard. From there to the Springs 
Hotel there was, immediately after the battle, an ex- 
ceedingly romantic route by private driveways, which 
those inclined can try. From the Apple Orchard, on 
the Emmettsburg road, turn down the cross road to the 
left, to the farm buildings, from which a private road 
leads past Emanuel Pitzer's house to Willoughby Run. 



DIRECTIONS TO VISITORS. 105 

This we cross, and turn to the right along the stream 
to the Millerstown road ; continue through the forest 
to the next road, and turn to the right towards town. 
This route passes the entrance to the private roadway 
leading to the Springs Hotel. 

There are many other longer, yet interesting drives 
in the vicinity, which wdll be suggested by the hotel 
proprietors or livery men. If it is always borne in 
mind that all leading roads converge at the town, the 
visitor need have no fear of being at any time led 
astray. As has been already stated, eleven different 
roads centre at Gettj'^sburg. These are all connected, 
two or three miles from town, by cross roads ; hence, 
by driving out any road and always turning to the right^ 
or left, you come back to town. 

DIRECTIONS TO VISITORS. 

Having completed the tour of the field, more definite 
directions may occasionally be found useful. If the 
visitor has but one hour to spend, go to the Cemetery. 
If a half day, drive out along the Chambersburg turn- 
pike to Seminary Ridge ; thence returning go by way 
of the Cemetery to Little Round Top, and return to 
Culp's Hill. If a day Can be devoted, a previous visit 
to the cupola of the Seminary will be advantageous ; 
then drive along the Chambersburg turnpike to Herr's 
Tavern ; turn to the right, cross to the Mummasburg 



106 GETTYSBURG. 

road, and return to Oak Hill ; then out the Harrisburg 
road, and back to York Street, in the suburbs of the 
town. After dinner go to East Cemetery Hill, Cemetery 
Hill, Round Top, and Culp's Hill. For a detailed de- 
scription of these drives, or if longer ones are desired, 
the visitor is referred to the book. 

SPRINGS HOTEL CUPOLA. 



South Mountain. ^A 




The guests of the Springs Hotel will be surprised, on 
first visiting the cupola, with the fine view which it 
affords. Facing the east, looking to the right, Round 
Top forms the prominent feature in the landscape. To 



SPRINGS HOTEL — CUPOLA. 107 

its left is seen the rugged summit of Little Round Top. 
The crest of Cemetery Ridge is clearly traced towards 
the left to Cemetery Hill, whose summit is crowned by 
the National Monument. To the south from the Cem- 
etery is Ziegler's Grove, occupied by Union artillery. 
Between us and Cemetery Ridge is Seminary Ridge, on 
which lay the Confederate line on the second and third 
days ; the two ridges are hardly distinguishable, though 
seven eighths of a mile intervene. 

To the left of the monument is seen a lone tree 
which stands on East Cemetery Hill. The Evergreen 
Cemetery "lodge" is barely discernible to its right; 
while to its left the rounded summit of Culp's Hill cuts 
the horizon. Wolf Hill is beyond and to the left of 
Culp's Hill. The white spots seen on its summit are 
ledges, from which fine landscape views may be had. 
Reynolds' Grove, on the hither side of which is Wil- 
loughby Run, is directly in our front ; and the Theolog- 
ical Seminary rises beyond. Through the opening to its 
left a vista of the town can be seen. The Springs Hotel 
Avenue and Horse Railroad have been constructed since 
the battle. The house seen to the left of the grove, 
and the stone barn at its left, are the McPherson farm 
buildings. The first Union gun fired was from the field 
west of the barn, in reply to the Confederate artillery 
standing at Herr's Tavern, the brick building seen as 
we turn back to the left. The Katalysine Springs 



108 GETTYSBURG. 

buildings are in the foreground, while immediately over 
them, in the distance, is Oak Hill. The timber with 
which it was covered, has been cut away since the bat- 
tle. Just where the ground slopes to the north stood 
two Whitworth guns, which threw their bolts to Round 
Top. By turning to the west you have a fine view of 
the South Mountain range. 

SPEINGS HOTEL VERANDA. 

There will undoubtedly be those who will not feel 
like climbing to the cupola or may not be able to do so, 
and yet may desire to understand the points of interest 
seen from the hotel. Such will be glad to have a brief 
explanation from the veranda. Seated at the north- 
eastern corner, facing the east, we have Reynolds' 
Grove directly in our front, rising above which may 
be seen the cupola of the Theological Seminary. From 
this, stretching away to the right is Seminary Ridge, 
partially covered with forest trees ; Round Top can be 
seen rising in the distance. In the left foreground are 
the Springs buildings, over which is a smooth rounded 
field to the left of Reynolds' Grove ; from this position 
the first Union gun of the battle was fired. Oak Hill 
can be seen beyond. This vicinity possesses much his- 
toric interest. It was here that the battle commenced, 
and across the field where this house stands that HilVs 
corps made its first advance ; in yonder grove that 



KATALYSINE SPRINGS. 100 

General Reynolds was killed ; and at Willoughby Run 
that General Archer was captured, the description of 
which has already been given. 

THE KATALYSINE SPRINGS. 

That the Gettysburg battle-field should become a 
popular resort was a natural consequence. This is the 
history of great battle-fields of the world. The battle 
of Marathon was fought more than two thousand years 
ago ; yet to-day the plains of Marathon are examined 
with interest by every visitor to Athens. The name 
of Waterloo is as familiar as household words. Yet, 
while it was exjjected that the soldiers engaged, the 
friends of the fallen, the military student and tourist, 
would visit Gettysburg, it was certainly a surprise that 
it should become a great watering-place ; that a field 
where so many had gone down in death should become 
the resort of thousands to prolong life. 

The Katalysine Springs, now so justly celebrated, 
were embraced in the theatre of the first day's battle. 
Each year increases the number of visitors, and swells 
the list of those who bear testimony to the efficacy of 
its waters ; the medicinal qualities of which have been 
fu^ly indorsed by the leading medical authorities of 
the country. 



THE SOLDIERS' NATIONAL CEMETERY 



HE Soldiers' National Cemetery is 
now, and will always continue to be 
the great central point of interest 
,7=v£j at Gettysburg. It is to be re- 
gretted, however, that the Con- 
federate dead were not collected at 
the same time, and placed together in 
some suitable lot. But during the 
excitement incident to a state of hos- 
tilities this was neglected, and to - day 
there is nothing to mark the spot of their 
burial, save that the grass grows greener 
where they lay ; they were buried where 
they fell, as most of the soldiers, Union and 
Confederate, were after the great battles of 
the war. But whether they lay in well 
kept grounds, shaded by the myrtle and rose, or in the 
broad fields where the violet blossoms unseen, matters 
little to the loved ones at home, who still trace the day 
of their sorrows to this sanguinary field. 




THE DEAD AT GETTYSBURG. Ill 

How many a mother's heart still bleeds : how many 
a father with trembling steps, and broken staff, goes 
tottering down the path of life alone j how many a 
fatherless child to that fatal day looks back, and maiden, 
with broken heart and blighted hopes, sighs for the 
loved one buried here ; and throughout the land how 
many a friend we miss, how many a vacant seat at the 
board, and heart made sad as it turns to this gory field. 

To those who have friends in the Cemetery a brief 
history of its organization and completion will not prove 
uninteresting. Immediately after the battle, while 
thousands of anxious people traversed the fields in 
search of the bodies of fallen friends, every sensibility 
was shocked and heart sickened at the sights which 
everywhere presented themselves. In many instances 
the soldiers had been but imperfectly buried, or were 
wholly uncovered, from the necessary haste in the in- 
terment. For miles around, they lay on arable land, 
which would of necessity be farmed over in a short 
time. The graves were shallow, and the marking of 
them was superficial, liable soon to be obliterated by 
the action of the weather. This deplorable condition 
of things called for a remedy. 

The ancient Athenians gathered the bones of their 
citizens who fell in battle, and with appropriate cere- 
monies interred them with the highest honors in the 
beautiful suburbs of Athens. Actuated by this historic 



112 GETTYSBURG. 

precedent, to David Wills, Esq., a citizen of Gettys- 
burg, is to be ascribed the credit of devising and insti- 
tuting a place for gathering the scattered dead into 
one place of interment. He procured suitable grounds, 
organized an association which collected the remains 
of thirty-five hundred and eighty Union soldiers, and 
entombed them upon the consecrated spot which they 
had rendered forever famous. 

Thus was started the Soldiers' National Cemetery at 
Gettysburg, from which all other national cemeteries 
in the country took their origin, and this is still the 
most complete of any in all its details. About the 
middle of July, 1863, having fully matured the plan, 
Mr. Wills opened a correspondence with the governors 
of the eighteen States represented in the Union army, 
by whom commissioners were sent to meet in confer- 
ence at Gettysburg. 

The grounds were consecrated on the 19th of 
November, 1863, when President Lincoln, standing on 
the spot now crowned by the National Monument, 
delivered his immortal speech. They embrace seven- 
teen acres, the highest point of which overlooks nearly 
the whole battle-field. The dead of each State and of 
the regular army, and also the unkno^vn, are buried in 
separate lots, arranged in rows in a semicircle, in the 
centre of which stands the national monument erected 
to commemorate their heroic deeds. A commissioner 



NATIONAL CEMETERY. 113 

was appointed by the governor of each State for the 
term of three years, and under an act passed by the 
Pennsylvania legislature these were organized into a 
board of managers April 6, 1864, of which David 
Wills of Gettysburg was elected president, and John 
R. Bartlett of Rhode Island, secretary. Several States 
were represented by more than one commissioner be- 
fore the completion of the cemetery. The following 
is a list: Maine, B. W. Norris, Stephen Coburn; New 
Hampshire, Ira Perley ; Vermont, Paul Dillingham, 
William Hebard ; Massachusetts, Henry Edwards ; 
Rhode Island, John R. Bartlett ; Connecticut, Alfred 
Coit, A. G. Hammond, William S. Chamley ; New York, 
Edward Cooper, Robert H. M' Curdy ; New Jersey, 
Levi Scoby, Edward M. Du Bois ; Pennsylvania, David 
Wills ; Delaware, John R. Latimer ; Maryland, Ben- 
jamin Deford ; West Virginia, Chester D. Hubbard ; 
Ohio, Gordon Lafland ; Indiana, John G. Stephenson, 
James Blake ; Illinois, Clark E. Carr ; Michigan, T. W. 
Ferry ; Wisconsin, W. Y. Selleck ; Minnesota, Alex- 
ander Ramsey. The organization of the board in its 
officers continued the same throughout. Each State 
contributed in proportion to its population, as indi- 
cated by its congressional representation, the following 
amounts : — 



114 



GETTYSBURG. 



Maine . . . 

New Hampshire 
Vermont . . 
Massachusetts 
Rhode Island 
Connecticut . 
New York . . 
New Jersey . 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware . . 



$4,205.30 
2,.523.18 
2,523.18 
8,410.60 
1,682.12 
3,364.24 

2(3,072.86 
4,205.30 

20,185.44 
841.06 



Maryland S4,205.30 

West Virginia . . . 2,523.18 

Ohio 15,980.14 

Indiana 9,251.66 

Illinois 11,774.84 

Michigan 5,046.36 

Wisconsin 5,046,36 

Minnesota 1,682.12 



Tot.il 



$129,523.24 




GETTYSBURG NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



THE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 



The National Monument, erected by the several 
States to commemorate the memory of the men who 
died in the nation's defense, is purely historical in its 
design, telling its own story with pleasing simplicity. 

The base .and pedestal are of white granite, from 
Westerly, R. I. It is twenty-five feet square at the 
base, and sixty feet in height, crowned with a colossal 
marble statue representing the genius of liberty. 
Standing on a three quarter globe, she holds in her 
right hand the victor's wreath of laurel, while with her 
left she clasps the victorious sword. 

Projecting from the angles of the pedestal are four 
buttresses, supporting an equal number of allegorical 
statues representing, respectively, War, History, 
Peace, and Plenty. 

War is personified by a statue of the American sol- 
dier, who, resting from the conflict, relates to History 
the story of the battle which this monument is in- 
tended to commemorate. 

History, in listening attitude, records with stylus 



116 GETTYSBURG. 

and tablet, the achievements of the field, and the 
names of the honored dead. 

Peace is symbolized by a statue of the American 
mechanic, characterized by appropriate accessories. 

Plenty is represented by a female figure, with a 
sheaf of wheat and fruits of the earth, typifying peace 
and abundance as the soldier's crowning triumph. 

These fine pieces of statuary were designed, with the 
monument, by J. G. Batterson, Esq., of Hartford, Conn., 
and executed in Italy, under the immediate supervision 
of Randolph Rogers. 

The main die of the pedestal is octagonal in form, 
paneled upon each face. The cornice and plinth above 
are also octagonal, and are heaAdly moulded. Upon 
this plinth rests an octagonal moulded base, bearing 
upon its face, in bronze relief, the National Arms. 

The upper die and cap are circular in form, the die 
being encircled by stars, equal in number with the 
States whose sons contributed their lives as the price 
of the victory won at Gettysburg. 

This monument as it stands cost fifty thousand dol- 
lars ; and the purchase of the ground, the removal 
and reinterring of the dead, the granite headstones, 
the inclosure, and landscape ornamentation of the 
grounds, and such other work as put the Cemetery in 
its present condition, exclusive of the " Reynolds 
statue," cost about eighty thousand dollars more, mak- 



THE NATIONAL MONUMENT. 117 

ing the total cost of the cemetery and monument, 
about one hundred and forty thousand dollars, includ- 
ing the Reynolds statue. 

Having finished the duties they were appointed to 
execute, the board of managers voted to relinquish 
the charge of the National Cemetery in favor of the 
General Government, under whose supervision it now 
is. 



THE REYNOLDS STATUE. 



The first object which meets the eye as we enter 
the National Cemetery is the statue of Major-general 
John F. Reynolds. The sound of battle had scarcely 
ceased to reverberate among the adjacent heights be- 
fore the idea was conceived by some members of Gen- 
eral Reynolds' staff to erect a monument to his mem- 
ory. It was then intended to place on the spot where 
he fell, a simple, substantial monument of stone. The 
first meeting of officers of the corps was held Janu- 
ary 5, 1864, in the Baptist Church, Culpepper Court 
House, Virginia, when a committee of five was ap- 
pointed to undertake the work. Owing to the exigen- 
cies of military service, the committee was frequently 
changed. It, at present, consists of General Charles F. 
Wainwright, General Richard Coulter, Colonel Chap- 
man Biddle, and Lieutenant-colonel Thomas Hewson 
Bache. None of the original members are on the com- 

1 At this date the Reynolds' monument (though ah-eady cast) has not been 
placed on the base which has been prepared for it; but from data fur- 
nished by the secretary of the committee, the following account has been 
prepared. 



THE REYNOLDS STATUE. 119 

mittee, though they all served in the First corps when 
General Reynolds commanded it at Gettysburg. Two 
of them were members of his staff. 

At an early meeting of the committee, December 21, 
18G4, it was unanimously resolved to place the monu- 
ment, not where he fell, but in the Soldiers' National 
Cemetery, and at a subsequent meeting, held July 
31, 1866, this action was confirmed by selecting the 
present site. 

As the original subscription was restricted to five 
dollars from each officer, and fifty cents from each en- 
listed man, but $5,709 was, at first, collected. In 
1867, it having been decided to erect a bronze statue 
of the General, the State of Pennsylvania donated con- 
demned cannon for the j)urpose and the managers of 
the Soldiers' National Cemetery made an appropriation 
towards the pedestal. This assistance and additional 
subscriptions from officers who had served with Gen- 
eral Reynolds, has enabled the committee to complete 
the work. 

The monument consists of a semi-colossal statue of 
General Reynolds in bronze ; the right hand, holding 
a field-glass, hangs at the side ; the left grasps the top 
of the hilt of the sword. The fiice is turned towards 
that part of the field on which the enemy were ad- 
vancing when he fell. 

The statue, designed and moulded by J. Q. A. Ward, 



120 GETTYSBURG. 

and cast by Achille Bureau, at the foundry of Messrs. 
Robert Wood and Company, at Philadelphia, will cost 
about $10,000. It stands on a pedestal of dark Quincy 
granite, about ten feet high, designed by Richard M. 
Hunt. The pedestal, consisting of but three stones, 
weighs twenty-three tons. They were furnished by 
Messrs. H. Barker and Brother, at a cost of $2,825, 
delivered in Philadelphia. The railroads transported 
them free of cost, and the expense for setting them 
was $312. 



SEMINARY. 



The Theological Seminary of the General Synod of 
the Evangelical Lutheran Church, in the United States, 
founded in 1825, is located within the borough of 
Gettysburg, to the west of the town, and is j)leasantly 
situated on a commanding eminence that overlooks the 
surrounding country. The battle began a short dis- 
tance west of it. The Seminary building was directly 
in the line of the Confederate army after the first day's 
fight ; and was occupied as a hospital during and after 
the battle. This institution has sent forth nearly five 
hundred ministers, and has been a chief instrument 
in moulding and developing the Lutheran Church in 
this country. S. S. Schmucker, D. D., was the first 
professor, who still resides in Gettysburg. The present 
faculty embraces Doctors Brown and Hay, Professors 
Baugher and Stork, with several sjjecial lecturers, one 
of whom. Rev. Dr. Morris, is a regular instructor in 
the institution. Being located in the suburbs of the 
town, it is pleasantly retired. It was never in a more 
prosperous condition than at present, and furnishes an 
inviting resort for theological study. 



PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. 



This institution, originally established as a gymna- 
sium in connection with the Lutheran Theological 
Seminary located in Gettysburg, was chartered as a 
college in 1832, and is now in a jElourishing condition, 
and holds an honorable and commanding position 
among the literary institutions of our country. Its 
hundreds of graduates are filling posts of honor and 
influence in almost every State in the Union. 

The present faculty and instructors are as fol- 
lows : — 

MILTON valentine;, d. d., 

President, and Professor of Intellectual and Moral Science. 

REV. EDSALL FERRIER, A.M., 

Graeff Prof elisor of the English Language and Literature. 

LUTHER HENRY CROLL, A.M., 

Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy. 

REV. HENRY LOUIS BAUGHER, A. M., 

Pearson Professor of the Greek Language and Literature. 

REV. ADAM MARTIN, A. M., 

Professor of the German Language and Literature. 

REV. HENRY EYSTER JACOBS, A.M., 

Franklin Professor of the Latin Language and of History. 



PENNSYLVANIA COLLEGE. 123 

SAMUEL PHILIP SADTLER, PH. D., 

Ockershausen Professor of Physical and Natural Science. 

JOHN G. MORRIS, D. D., 

Lecturer on Natural History. 

HART GILBERT, A.M., 

Principal of the Preparatory Department. 

JOHN A. HIMES, A. B., 

Instructor in Physics and Tutor. 

The board of trustees is composed mainly of mem- 
bers of the Lutheran Church, and the institution is 
thus practically under the supervision and control of 
that denomination ; though its administration is not 
characterized by any sectarian or illiberal spirit. Stu- 
dents from almost every Protestant denomination, and 
even Roman Catholics from Mexico, havft frequented 
its halls. 

It is charmingly situated in the northern suburbs of 
the town. The buildings are ample and commodious, 
the grounds well kept and highly attractive. During, 
and for some time after the battle, the College building 
was used as a Confederate hospital. The preparatory 
building, an imposing structure, has been more recently 
erected. 



INDEX. 



Comparatively fe-w of the regiments or batteries given in th« index are mentioned by name in 
the book, but the pagns where their movenients or engagements are described are affixed to each. 
Reference will al«o be made to many batteries which <io not appear on the Isometrical Drawing, 
but the place where they were posted will be indicated by this index. Names of Confederate oflBcers 
arc in itali<:s. That part of the battle in which officers -swre engaged is referred to in the ind-ey^ 
though frequently the name does not appear in the text. 



ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. P.ASS 

D-4. Alexander'' s Artillery — Moody''s, Taylor''s^ Rheffs, Parker^ 

Jordan's, and WoolfuUrs Batteries 51 

D-lo. Alm.sliouse 32, 38, 71 

C-16, E-13. Ames, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 1st Div., 11th Corps (17th 

Ct., 25th, 75tli, and 107th Ohio Vols.) 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 4.3 

C-14, E-12. Amsberg, Colonel (Von), 1st Brig., 3d Div., 11th Corps (74th 

Pa., 61st Ohio, 45th N. Y., 157th N. Y., 82d 111. Vols.) . . 32, 48, 

59, 71 

Anderson, Major-general (Division) 55 

D-2, E-2. Anderson's Brig. (7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, and 59th Ga. Eeg'ts) . . 52, 56, 

57, 89 

E-7. Apple Orchard 13, 80 

B-]l, E-11. .-Ij-c/ifr's Brigade {Col. Frye's) (1st, 7th, 14th Tenn., 13th Ala. 

Keg'ts, and 5th Ala. Battalion) 25, 55, 62, 78 

E-9. Armistead's Brigade (9th, 14th, 38th, 53d, and 57th Va. Reg'ts) 51, 

54, 79 
ARTILLEKY. 

E-4. Alexander, Colonel, Battalion 51, 55, 78, 88 

E-5, F-6, Ames's Battery, G, 1st N. Y 55, 79, 82, 88 

E-17. Andretos' Battalion 28, 51, 78, 100 

B-14. Armstrong Guns on Oak Hill 55, 78 

E-10. Arnold's Battery, A, 1st R. 1 55, 79 

E-12. Bancroft's (Wilkinson's) Battery, G, 4th U. S 35, 55, 7') 

G-5. Barnes's Battery, G, 1st N. Y. (5th Corps) 89 

E-5, E-11. Bigelow's Battery, 9th Mass 82, 88 

E-8. BhmVs Battery 51, 55, 78 

A-11, 12, D-9. Brander's Battery 51, 55, 78 

A-12. Bronson's Battalion, ' 51, 55 

Brown, Colonel, (Acting Chief Artillery, j?wett'« Corps). . 28, 51, 78 

D-8. Brooks's Battery : 51, 55, 78 

F-9. Brown's Battery, B, 1st R. 1 55, 79 

G-11. E-11. Butler's Battery, G, 2d U. S 54, 55, 79 

E-3. CabcilVs Battalion 51, 55, 78 



126 INDEX. 

ISOMETRICAL 

DRAWI>'G. PAt>E 

B-12. Calef s (Tidball's) Battery, A, 2d U. S. . . . 22, 23, 24, 25, 60, 01, 62 

E-3. Carlton's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-17. Carpenter's Battery 28, 51, 78 

E-8. Caskie's Battery 51, 55, 78 

B-14. Carter's Battalion 28, 29, 32, 33, 48, 59, 61, 76 

B-14. Carter's Battery 28, 31, 78 

E-5. Clark's Battery, B, 1st N. J 82-88 

D-12, F- 13, F-7. Cooper's Battery, B, 1st Pa 29, 55, 79-97 

r-9. Cowan's Battery, 1st N. Y. (Independent) 55, 79 

D-12. Cunningham's Battery 51, 55, 78 

D-10. Cutt's Battalion (Lane's) 51. 55 

F-9. Cushing's Battery, A, 4th U. S 55, 79 

C-12, D-18. Dana's Battalion 28, 51, 55, 78 

F-7. Daniels's 9th Mich, (horse) Battery. See McGilvery's Artillery 55, 

79 

E-8. Bearing's Battalion 51, 55, 78 

Dement's Battery 28, 51, 78 

D-14. Dilger's Battery,' I, 1st Ohio 33, 35 

F-6. Dow's Battery, 6th Maine 55, 79 

E-12. Eakin's Battery, H, 1st U. S 55, 79 

E-12. Edgell's Battery, 1st N. H 55, 79 

E-1. Elder's Battery, E, 4th U. S. . . '. 56 

D, E-6. Eshleman's Battery 51, 55, 78 

F-10. Fitzhugh's Battery, K, 1st N. Y 55, 79 

E-3. Frazer's Battery 51, 55, 78 

Fry's Battery 28, 51, 78 

Garber's Battery 28, 51, 78 

D-8. Gamett's Battalion 51, 55, 78 

G-5. Gibb's Battery, L, 1st Ohio 89 

E-1. Graham's Battery, K, 1st U. S 56 

D-18. Graham's Battery 28, 51, 55, 75, 78 

D-8. Graham's 

B-18. Green's Battery 28, 51, 78 

B-12, E-12. Hall's 2d Me. Battery 23, 24, 25 

D-12. Happ's Battery 28, 51, 55, 78 

B-14. Hart's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-5, F-7. Hart's Battery, 15th N. Y. (Independent) 55, 79, 88 

F-9. Hazard, Captain, Chief 2d Corps Artillery 51 

F-9. Hazard's Battery (see Brown's B., 1st K. I.) '. . 55, 79 

G-3. Hazlett's (Rittenhouse's) Batterj-, D, 5th U. S 55, 79, 89 

D-14. Heckman, K, 1st Ohio 33, 35 

D-1. Henry's Battalion 51, 55, 78, 82 

F-10. Hexamer's Battery (see Parsons), A, 1st N. J 55, 79 

E-12. Hill's Battery, C, 1st West Va 55, 78 

F-10. Hunt, Brigadier-general, Chief of Union Artillery 50 

E-12. Huntington's Battery, H, 1st Ohio 55, 79 

A-11, D-10. Johnson's Battery 28, 51, 55, 78 

C-18. Jones' Battalion 34, 51, 78 

I)-4. Jordan's Battery 51, 55, 78 

G-10. Knapp's Battery, 1st Pa 34 

D-10. Lane's Battalion 51, 55, 78 



INDEX. 127 

ISOMETRICAl 
DRAWING PAGE 

D-1. Latham's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-17. Latimer, Major 100 

D-8. Lewis's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-8. J/rtco«'s Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-12. McCartney's Battery (Mass.) 55, 79 

D-3. McCarthy's Battery 51, 55, 78 

A-11, D-9. McGraiv's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-5, F-7. McGilver3''s Brigade, Reserve Artillery 55, 79 

A-11, D-10. Mcintosh's Battalion 33, 51, 55, 78 

F-11. McKenzie's Battery, K, 5 U. S 54 

D-4. Manly's Battery 51, 55, 78 

A--12, D-9. Manye's Section opened the battle 51, 55, 78 

Martin, Captain, Chief 5th Corps Artillery 51, 88 

F-4, G-1. Martin's ( Walcott's) Battery, C, Massachusetts 82, 87 

F-4, G-1. Martin's Battery, F, 5th U. S • 51, 55, 79 

D-8. Maurin's Battery 51, 55, 78 

Millege's Battery 23, 51, 55, 78 

E-8. Miller's Battery 51, 55, 78 

D-4. Moody's Battery 51, 55, 78 

F-10. Muhlenburg's Battery F, 4th U. S 54, 55 

G-10. Muhlenburg, Lieut., Chief of 12th Corps Artillery 54, 55 

Nelson's Battalion 28, 51, 55, 78 

D-4. Norcum's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-12. Osborne, Major, Chief 11th Corps Artillery' 35, 41, 95 

B-14. Page's Battery ' 28, 55, 78 

D-5. Parker's Battery 51, 55, 78 

F-10. Parsons' (Hexamer) Battery, A, 1st N. J 55, 79 

D-10. Patterson's Battery 51, 55, 78 

A-12, D-9. Pegram's Battalion 23, 24, 33, 51, 55, 78 

E-5, F-7. Phillips' Battery, 5th Mass 55, 79, 87 

D-8. Poague's Battalion 51, 55, 78 

Raine's Battery 28, 51, 55, 78 

Randolph, Captain, Chief 3d Corps Artillerj' 51 

E-6. Randolph's (Bucklyn's) Battery, E, 1st R. 1 82, 88 

E-8. Ransom's ( Wier's) Battery, C, 5th U. S 55, 79 

Reese's Battery 28, 51, 55, 78 

D-1. Reilly's Battery 51, 55, 78 

B-12, E-13. Reynolds' Battery, L, 1st N. Y 27, 29, 40, 55, 79 

D-4. Rhett's Battery 51, 55, 78 

A-11, D-10. R.ice's Battery 51, 55, 78 

D, E-6. Richardson's Battery 51, 55, 78 

E-13. Rickett's Battery, F and G, 1st Pennsylvania 40, 41, 55, 95 

G-10. Rigby, Battery A, 1st Md 54, 55 

G-3. Rittenhouse's (Hazlett's) Battery, D, 5th U. S 55, 79, 89 

F-7. Rock's Section (New Jersey) 55, 79 

B-11. Roder's Section (Calef's Battery) 61 

D-10. Ross's Battery 51, 55, 7S 

r-5, F-9. Rorty's Battery, B, 1st N. Y 55, 79 

E-7. Seeley's Battery, K, 4th U. S 52 

F-2, 3. Smith's Battery, 4th N. Y. (Independent) 82, 87 

C-12. Smith's Battery 28, 37, 55, 78 



128 INDEX. 

ISOMETRICAL 
, DRAWING. PAOB 

^ F-7. Sterling's Batteiy, 2d Connecticut 55, 79 

D-12, E-13. Stevens' Battery, 5th Me 27, 36, 55, 95 

E-8. Striblimfs Batteiy , 51, 55, 78 

C-13, E-13. Stuart's Batter}-, B, 4th U. S 27, 40, 55 

E-13. Taft's Batter)', 5th N. Y. (Independent) 55, 79 

C-18. Tanner'' 3 Battery 28, 55, 78 

D-5. Taylor's Battery 51, 55, 76 

B-12. Tidball's (Calef 's) Battery, A, 2d U. S 22 

F-7. Thomas's Battery, C, 4th U. S 55, 79 

E-5, F-7. Thompson's Batterj-, G and F, Penn. (Independent). . . 55, 82, 79, 88 

F-0. Tompkins, Colonel^ Chief 6th Corps Artillery, 51 

E-8, E-11. TurnbuII's Battery 52, 91 

Tyler, Brigadier-general Commanding Artillery Reserve.. . 79, 82, 88 

D-8. Vozntt's Battery 51, 55, 78 

Wainwright, Colonel, Chief 1st Corps Attillery 27, 35, 41, 95 

D-8. Ward's Battery 51, 55, 78 

r-5, 6. Watson'si Battery 72, 87 

C-12. Watson's Battery 28, 51, 55, 78 

C-14, F-9. Wheeler's Battery, 13th N. Y. (Independent) 33, 55, 79 

E-8. Wier's (Ran.som's) Battery, C, 5th U. S 55, 79 

E-13. Wiedrick's Battery, I, 1st N. Y 26, 35, 40, 48, 55 

C-17. Wilkinson's (Bancroft's) Battery, G, 4th U. S 33, 72 

G-10, 11. AVinegar's Battery, M, 1st N. Y 54, 55 

D-10. Wingfield's Battery 51, 55, 78, 95 

F-4. Win.siow's Battery, D, 1st N. Y 83, 87 

E-11. Woodruff's Battery, I, 1st U. S 50, 55, 79 

D-4. Woolfolk's Battery 51, 55, 78 

A-11, D-9. Zimmerman's Battery 51, 55, 78 

F-4, G-4. Ayers, Brigadier-general, 2d Div., 5th Corps 52, 88 

Bache, Lieutenant-colonel Thomas Hewson 118 

Baltimore 5, 8 

Baltimore Turnpike 36 

Barker, Messrs. H. & Brother 120 

-V Barhsdale's Brigade, (13th, 17th, 18th, and 21st Mississippi Reg- 
iments) 81, 82, 87, 88, 89 

■«-4- C-16. Barlow, Brigadier-general {wounded), 1st Div., 11th Corps (see 

Ames) 33, 34, 40, 71, 72, 95 

C-16. Barlow's Knoll 32, 33, 38, 72 

F-5, G-6. Barnes, Brigadier-general, 1st Div., 5th Corps 52, 87 

G-5. Bartlett, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 3d Div., 0th Corps (5th 

Me., 121st N. Y., 95th and 96th Pa. Vols.) 53, 89 

Bartlett, John R 113 

Batterson, J. G 116 

Battle-field 9, 21 

Baugher, Professor 122 

B-13, E-12. Baxter, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 1st Corps (83d, 97th 

N. Y., 88th, 90th Pa., and 12th Mass. Vols.) . . 27, 34, 58, 59, 96 

E-17. Benner's Hill 32, 36, 38, 5l, 53, 75, 100 

D-2, E-3, Benning's Brig. (2d, 15th, 17th, and 20th Ga. Reg'ts). . 52, 56, 87, 89 
B, C-10. Biddle, Colonel 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 1st Corps (121st, 142d, 

151st Pa., 20th N. Y. S. M.) 26,29,118 



INDEX. 129 

ISOM ETHICAL 

DRiVWINO. PAGE 

E-6. Birney, Major-general, «ommanding 1st Div., 3d Corps. . . 36, 87, 88 

Blake, James 113 

E-10. Bliss' Buildings 

Blue Kidge 9 

A-6. Bream's Tavern 67 

A-4. Bream's Mill ... 68 (cut), 69, 104 

E-8, F-7. Brewster, Colonel, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 3d Corps (1st, 2d, 3d, 4tli, 

5th Excelsior, and 120th N. Y. Vols.) 36, 52, 89, 90 

Bricker, Sergeant-major 43 

Brockway, Lieutenant 42 

B-10, E-10. Brokenboroufjh's Brigade (23d, 40th, 47th, 55th Va. Reg'ts, and 

22d Battalion) , 62 

E-4, F-7. Brooke, Colonel, 4th Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps (2d Del., 27th 

Conn., 64th N. Y., 53d and 145th Pa. Vols.).. . 50, 52, 83, 87, 88 

Brown, Rev. Doctor 121 

C-12. Buford, Brigadier-general, 1st Div. Cavalry ... 22, 24, 36, 47, 60, 64 

B-11, 12. Buford's Ridge 23, 60, 61 

Bureau, Achille 120 

E-4, F-7. Burling, Colonel, 3d Brig., 2d Div., 3d Corps (2d N. H., 5th, 6th, 

7th, 8th N. J., and 115th Pa. Vols.) 36, 52, 53, 87, 88 

F-4, G-4. Burbank, Colonel, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps (2d, 7th, 10th, 

11th, and 17th U. S. Infantry) 88 

F-15. Candy, Colonel, 1st Brig., 2d Div., 12th Corps (5th, 7th, 29th, 

66th Ohio, 28th, 147th Pa. Vols.) 36, 95 

E-4, F-7. Caldwell, Brigadier-general, 1st Div., 2d Corps 52, 87 

C-15. Carlisle Road 33, 73 

E-8, r-8. Carr, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig., 2d Div., 3d Corps (1st,. 11th, 

16th Mass., 11th N. J., 16th N. H., and 29th Pa. Vols.). 36, 52, 

89, 90 

Carr, Clark E 113 

E-11, E-13. Carroll, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 3d Div., 2d Corps (4th 

Ohio, 8th Ohio, 7th West Va., 14th Ind.) 50, 55, 94 

Cashtown 22, 28, 46 

E-12. Cemetery Hill 10, 26, 31, 34, 35, 39, 44, 45, 49, 50, 74, 75, 79 

Cemetery Ridge 10, 31, 53 

Chambersburg 22 

C-12. Chambersburg Turnpike 23, 46, 58 

Chamley, William S 113 

Civil History (Gettysburg) , 5 

Coburn, Stephen 113 

Coit, Alfred 113 

G-14. Colgrove, Colonel, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 12th Corps (3d Wis., 13th 

N. J., 2d Mass., 27th Ind. Vols.) 36,^;^' 

Confederate Troojis 51, 59, 61, 64, 87 

Columbia 5 

Compass Face Guide 14 

Cooper, Edward 113 

Court-house (when built) 5 

D-15. Costar (Col.) 1st Brig., 2d Div., 11th Corps (27th, 73d, 134th, 

154th N. Y. Vols.) 35, 71, 74 

F.9. Copse ofTrees 54, 56, 78, 79, 102 

9 



130 INDEX. 

UOUETRICAL 
DBAWINO. PAOK 

E-9. Cordora's house 25, 47, 51, 78, 79 

Corps 1st 23, 24, 28, 32, 36, 46, 47, 48, 71, 79 

" 2d 52 

" 3d 12, 48, 50, 51, 78, 80, 87 

" 5th 51, 52, 87, 88 

" 6th 52, 89 

" 11th 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 46, 48, 59, 71, 76 

" 12th 36, 48, 52, 54, 75 

" Longstreet's 28 

" Hill's 22, 23, 28,46,47,52 

" Ewell's 10, 28, 30 

Coulter, Colonel 118 

F-4. Crawford, Brigadier-general, 3d Div., 5th Corps. . . .52, 56, 87, 88, 89 

CroU, L. H 122 

F-3. Cross, Col. {killed, July 2d), 1st Brig., 1st Div., 2d Corps (5th 

N. H., 61st N. Y., 81st, 148th Pa. Vols.) 50, 52, 83, 88 

E-14. Culp's Hill 12, 31, 36, 38, 50, 51, 75 

F-9. Cushing, Lieutenant, Battery A, 4th U. S 55, 79 

-' B-12, F-8. Custar, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 3d Div., Cav 56 

B-12, E-14, 15. Cutler, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 1st Div., 1st Corps (56th 

Pa., 76th, 95th, 147th N. Y. Vols., 14th N. Y. S. M.).25, 29, 32, 

61, 96 
B-13, E-15. Daniels' Brigade, 32d, 43d, 45th, 53d N. C. Reg'ts, 2d Batt'n. .28, 33 

46, 53, 59, 97 
F.4, G-4. Day, Colonel, Ist Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps (3d, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 

14th U. S. Infantry) 88 

B-12, E-11. Davis's Brig. (2d, 11th, 42d Miss., and 55th N. C. Reg'ts) 25, 33 

Deford, Benjamin 113 

F-2. Devil's Den 12, 52, 83, 86, 87 

B-13, 14. Devin, Colonel, 2d Brig., 1st Division (Cav.), (6th, 9th N. Y., 

17thPa.) 22,29,36,47,64 

Dillingham, Paul 113 

C-14, 15. Doles' Brigade (4th, 12th, 21st, and 44th Ga. Reg'ts 34, 71, 76 

C-R, F-9. Doubledav, Major-general, 1st Corps and 3d Div. .23, 27, 29, 35, 36, 

46, 47, 50, 52, 91 

DuBois, Edward 113 

■C-13, E-14. Early's Division 28, 34, 47, 48, 53, 59 72, 76, 94 

Edwards, Henry 113 

Emmettsburg 23, 46 

E-12. Emmettsburg Road 10, 24, 25, 36, 47, 51, 52, 79, 81, 82, 88 

E-13. East Cemetery Hill 14, 32, 35, 37 (cut), 53, 75 

G-5, F-9. Eustis, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 3d Div., 6th Corps (2d R. I., 

7th, 10th, and 37th Mass. Vols.) 53, 89 

B. 17. Ewell, Lieutenant-general 28, 47 

F>-6, 7, 8, F-7. Excelsior Reg'ts (see 70th, 71st, 72d, 73d, and 74th N. Y. Vols). 

C-10. Fairfield (Millerstown) Road 22, 32, 63 

F^l. Farnsworth, Brigadier-general (killed), 1st Brig., 3d Div., Cavalry 

(1st Vt., 1st W. Va., 5th N. Y., and 18th Pa. Vol. Cav.) 56 

Ferrier, Rev. E 122 

Feiry, T. W 113 

F-1, G-2. Fisher, Colonel, 3d Brig., 3d Div., 5th Corps (5th, 9th, 10th, 

12th Pa. Reserves) 88, 89 



INDEX. 131 

ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. ''•*<'■ 

B-11, 12. Gamble's (Cav.) Brig. (8th N. Y., 8th and 12th III., 3d Ind, . .22, 24, 

36, 47, 60, 64 
E-10. GarneWs Brig. (8th, 18th, 19th, 28th, and 56th Va. Eeg'ts) 51, 54, 79 

Geary, Brigadier-general, 2d Div., 12th Corps 36, 96 

Geible, Sergeant 43 

Gettys, James ^ 

D, E-13, 14. Gettysburg 8, 31 

Gettysburg Memorial Association 39 

F-8. Gibbon, Brigadier-general, 2d Div., 2d Corps 50, 55, 78 

Gilbert, Professor 123 

C-17, E-13. Gilser, Colonel (von) 1st Brig., 1st Div., 11th Corps (41st, 54th, 

and 68th N. Y., 153d Pa. Vols.) 26, 33, 40, 48, 94 

C-17, D-13. Coj-(/o7i's Brigade (13th, 26th, 31st, 38th, 60th, 61st Ga. Reg'ts).28, 34, 

53, 72, 94 
E-5, F-8. Graham, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig., 1st Div., 3d Corps (57th, 

63d, 68th, 105th, 141st Pa. Vols.) 36,81, 82, 88,89 

G-1. Grant, Colonel, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 6th Corps (2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, and 

6th Vt. Vols. ) 53, 89 

E, F-15. Greene, Brigadier-general, 3d Brig., 2d Div., 12th Corps (60th, 

78th, 102d, 137th, 149th N. Y. Vols.) 36, 96 

Gregg, Brigadier-general, 2d Div. Cav 40, 56 

F-9. Hall, Colonel, 3d Brigade, 2d Div., 2d Corps (19th, 20th Mass., 

42d, 59th N. Y., 7th Mich. Vols.) 50, 55, 73 

Hammond, A. G 113 

Hampton, General Wade 39, 56 

F-8. Hancock, Major-general (commander left centre). 35, 36, 37, 49,50, 79 

Hanover (Bonoughstown) road 74, 100 

Hanover 4 

Hanover Junction 4 

Harrisburg 4, 5 

D-16. Harrisburg Road 23, 70 (drive), 71 

F-8. Harrow, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig., 2d Div., 2dCorps (1st Minn., 

15th Mass., 19th Me., 82d N. Y. Vols.) 50, 52, 55, 78 

Hay, Rev. Doctor 121 

C-18, E-14. Hayes' Brigade (5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th La. Reg'ts) 34, 40, 77 

E-10. Hays, Brigadier-general, 3d Div., 2d Corps 50, 55, 78 

G-3. Hazlett, Lieutenant, Batt'y D, 5th U. S 88, 89 

F-9. Hazard, Captain, Chief 2d Corps Artillery 50 

Hebbard, William 113 

A-11, 12. Herr's Ridge 23, 24, 60, 62 (cut) 

A-11. Herr's Tavern 15, 24, 31, 60,68 

B-9, 11, E-10, 11. Heth's (Pettigrew's) Division 23, 24, 32, 33, 55 

Hill, Lieutenant-general 47, 55 

Himes, Professor 123 

D-2. Hood's (Robertson's) Division 52, 56, 86, 89 

D-18. Hospital Hill 38, 73, 74, 75 

B-10. Hotel, Springs 31, 39 

F-2, 3. Houck's Ridge 12,83 

D-15, E-4. Hoke's (Colonel Avery), Brigade (21st, 61st, 57th N. C. Reg'ts) .34, 40, 

71, 75, 95 
F^12. Howard, Major-general, 11th Corps 23, 26, 35, 46, 47, 48 



132 INDEX. 

ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. PAOB 

H-1. Howe, Brigadier-general, 2d Div., 6th Corps 52, 80 

Hubbard, Cliester D 113 

Hunt, Brigadier-general, Chief of Artillery 50 

Hunt, Richard M 120 

E-7, F-8. Humphreys, Major-general, 2d Div., 3d Corps 36, 80, 88 

E-5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Intermediate (Sicldes') Ridge 13,51, 77 

Isometrical Drawing 9, 15 

B-13. Iverson's Brigade (5th, 12th, 20th, and 23d N. C. Reg'ts) 33, 46 

Jacobs, Rev. Henry E., 122 

E-4. Jeffers, Colonel, 4th Mich. Vols 39, 82 

C-18. Jones' Artillery 71 

D-18, F-15. Jones, Brigade (25th, 42d, 48th, and 50th Va.) . . .28, 51 

D, E-18, F-15. Johnson's Division 28, 40, 51, 53, 75, 97, 100 

F-15. Kane, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 12th Corps (29th, 

109th, 111th Pa. Vols.) 36, 96 

A-10. Katalysine Springs 26, 106 

E-4, F-7. Kelley, Colonel, 2d Brig., 1st Div., 2^ Corps (28th Mass., 63d, 

69th, 88th N. Y., and 116th Pa. Vols.) 83, 87 

E-9. Kemper's Brigade (1st, 3d, 7th, 11th, and 24th Va. Reg'ts). 51, 54, 79 
D-4. Kershaw's Brigade (2d, 3d, 7th, 8th, and 15th S. C. Reg'ts). .52, 56, 

87, 89 

E-1. Kilpatrick, Brigadier-general, 3d Div. Cavalry 56 

A-10. Katalysine Springs 26 

C-16. Kryzanowski, Colonel, 2d Brig., 3d Div., 11th Corps (26th Wis., 

75th Pa., 82d Ohio, 58th and 119th N. Y. Vols.). . .32, 48, 59, 71 

Lafland, Gordon 113 

Lancaster 5 

A-10, E-10. Lane's Brigade (7th, 18th, 28th, 33d, and 37th N. C. Reg'ts). .32, 46, 

55, 78 

Latimer, John R 113 

D-1. Law's Brigade (4th, 15th, 44th, 47th, and 48th Ala. Reg'ts). 83, 85, 87 

Lee, General (Commander-in-Chief) 54 

Lincoln, President 112 

G-3. Little Round Top H, 12, 36, 49, 50, 53, 83, 84 (cut), 86, 87 

G-13, F-14. Lockwood, Brigadier-general (Independent) Brigade, 1st Div., 

12th Corps (1st P. H. B., 1st Md. E. S., 150th N. Y. Vols.) .36, 96, 

99 

D-9, E-9. Longstreet, Lieutenant general 31,52, 54, 59,78, 79, 82,87 

M'Allister's Hill 54 

H-11, 12. McAllister's Mills 99, 100 

F-4, E-3. McCandless, Colonel, 1st Brig., 3d Div., 5th Corps (1st, 2d, 6th, 

11th Pa. Resei-ves, and 1st Rifles) 56, 88, 89 

McCurdy, Robert H 113 

F-14, G-12. McDougall, Colonel 1st Brigade 1st Div., 12th Corps (3d Md., 

46th Pa., 5th, 20th Ct., 122d, 145th N. Y. Vols.) 36, 96 

M'Goxoan's (Perrin's) Brig. (1st, 12th, 13th, 14th S. C. Reg'ts, 

and Orr's Rifles) 32, 46, 55, 78 

McLaios, Major-general 52, 56, 81, 89 

McPherson's Ridge 22, 24, 33, 60, 61, 62 

Mahone's Brigade (6th, 12th, 16th, 41st, and 61st Va. Reg'ts) 

Marsh Creek 13, 23, 47, 63, 64, 65 (cut), 103 (cut) 



B-9, D- 


-10, 


, E-11, 

C-5. 
B-12. 


"^ 




D-8. 



INDEX. 133 

ISOMETBICAL 
DRAWING. ^"^^ 

Martin, Captain, Chief 5th Corps Artillery 51, 88 

Martin, Rev • • • • 1^2 

F-11. Meade, Major-general (Commander-in-Chief). 35, 37, 48, 49, 50, 52, 87 

E-11. Meade's Headquarters 102 . 

B-10. Meredith, Brigadier-general 1st Brig., 1st Div., 1st Corps (2d, 

6th, and 7th Wis., 19th Ind , 24th Mich. Vols.). 25, 26, 36, 47, 96 
E-1. Merritt, Brigadier-general (Reserve Cavalary Brigade) (1st, 2d, 3d 

U. S., 6th Pa. ) 56 

Memorial Association 39 

C-10. Millerstown (Fairfield) Road 22, 32, 63 

Morris, Rev. Dr 104, 121 

E-12. Monument (National) 75, 110 

D-14. Mummasburg Turnpike 10, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 63 

Monocacy 1" 

E-12. National Monument 75, 110, 114 (cut) 

G-9, 10,H-12. Neill, Brigadier-general, 3d Brig., 2d Div., 6th Corps (43d, 49th, 

77th N. Y., 7th Me., 61st Pa. Vols.) 52, 89, 99 

F-5. Nevin, Colonel, 3d Brig., 3d Div., 6th Corps (62d N.Y., 93d, 98th, 

102d, and 139th Pa. Vols.) 52, 89 

F-8, 9. Newton, Major-general, 1st Corps 53, 80 

Ne\r York 5 

Morris, B. W 113 

B-14, A-15, 16. Oak Ridge 9.29 

B-14. Oak Hill 10,23,28,29, 30 (cut), -32, 34,38, 48,49,59,74 

O'Neal's Brigade (3d, 5th, 6th, 12th, and 26th Ala. Reg'ts).31, 33, 53 

E-12. Osborne, Major, Chief 11th Corps Artillery 35 

C-13. Paul, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig.. 2d Div., 1st Corps (13th Mass., 

16th Me., 107th Pa., 94th, 104th N. Y. Vols.). .26, 29, 31, 32, 36, 

50, 58, 91 
C-13, E-11. Paul, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig., 2d Div., 1st Corps (107th Pa., 

16th Me., 13th Mass., 94th and 104th N. Y. Vols.) 26, 31, 34, 

50, 58, 91 

E-5. Peach Orchard 13, 51, 81, 82, 83, 87, 88 

A-11, E-9, 10. Pender's, Major-general, (Trimble's) Division 33, 55, 62, 78 

Pendleton, Brigadier-general (Confederate Chief of Artillery). . . .51 

Pennsylvania ^ 

Pennsylvania and Pittsburg Turnpike 8 

D-14. Pennsylvnnia College 7, 28, 31, 59, 63, 122 

Penn, William 6 

Perley, Ira 113 

D_7 E-7. Perry's (Col. Lang's) Brigade (2d, 5th, and 8th Florida Reg'ts>. .55, 
' 78, 81 

E-10. Pettir/rew, Brigadier-general (Heth's Division) 55, 62, 67 

B-9, F^IO. Pettigrew's (Col. Marshall's) Brigade (11th, 26th, 47th, and 52d 

N. C. Reg'ts^ 23, 32, 55 

Philadelphia 5 

E-9, 10. Pickett's Division 51> 54, 79 

Pittsburg and Philadelphia Turnpike 8 

Pittsburg and Baltimore Turnpike 8 

C-4, 5. Pitzer's Corner 70, 103 

Pleasanton, General 50 

Plum Run 11.8^ 



134 



INDEX. 



ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. PA8B 

D-8. Posey's Brigade (12th, 16th, 19th, and 48th Miss. Reg'ts, and 2d 

Battalion) 55 

G-10. Power's Hill 38, 50, 51, 54, 102 

C-12, D-15, 16, 17. Railroad 25, 38, 39, 61 

D-16. Railroad Bridge 35 

Ramsey, Alexander 113 

Ramseur's Brigade (2d, 4th, 14th, and 30th N. C. Reg'ts) 28, 46 

Randolph, Captain, Chief 3d Corps Artillery 51 



REGIMENTS. 









ALABAMA. 


— Confederate. 






ISOMETRIC AL 
DRAWING. 

B-14. 


REGIMENT. 

3th Reg. 


BRIGADE. 

O'Neal, 


DIVISION. 

Rodes, 


CORPS. 

Ewell, 


PAGE. 

28, 33, 46, 97 


D-1. 


4th 


(( 


Law, 


Hood, 


Longsti 


•eet, 52, 83, 85 


li-11, A-9, E-10. 


5th Bat. 


Archer, 


Heth, 


Hill, 


25, 62, 78 


B-14. 


5th 


Reg. 


O'Neal, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 33, 46, 97 


B-14. 


6th 


" 


" 


(( 


" 


28, 33, 46, 97 


D-6, E-7. 


8th 


a 


Wilcox, 


Anderson, 


Hill, 


46, 52, 54 


D-6, E-7. 


9th 


" 


II 


" 


" 


46, 52, 54 


D-6, E-7. 


10th 


= ' 


" 


f( 


(( 


46, 52, 54 


D-6, E-7. 


11th 


" 


<i 


" 


" 


46, 52, 54 


B-14. 


12th 


" 


O'Neal, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 33, 46, 97 


D-6, E-7. 


13th 


" 


Archer, 


Heth, 


Hill, 


25, 62, 78 


D-6, E-7. 


14th 


" 


Wilcox, 


Anderson, 


" 


46, 52, 54 


D-1. 


15th 


<( 


Law, 


Hood, 


Longsti 


•eet, 52, 83, 85 


B-14. 


26th 


" 


O'Neal, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 38, 47, 97 


D-1. 


44th 


(( 


(1 


IC 


11 


52, 83, 85 


D-1. 


47th 


(1 


<i , 


" 


" 


52, 83, 85 


D-1. 


48th 


" 


11 


(< 


It 


52. 82, 85 






ARKANSAS. 


— Confederate. 







D-2, E-2. 3d Reg 



Robertson, 



Hood, 



Longstreet, 52, 83 



F-14. 5th Reg. 
E-11, E-10. 14th " 
C-16, E-13. 17th " 

...^ E-4, F-6. 27th " 
F-14. 20th " 



CONNECTICUT. — Union. 

1st McDougall, 1st Ruger, 
2d Smyth, 2d Hays, 

2d Ames, 1st Barlow, 

4th Brooke, 1st Caldwell, 

1st McDougall, 1st Ruger, 



12th Williams, 36, 96 
2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 
11th Howard, 26, 33, 
43, 48, 94 
2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 
12th Williams, 36, 96 



E-11, E-10. 1st Reg. 
E-3, F-6. 2d " 



DELAWARE. —Union. 



2d Smyth, 
4th Brooke, 



3d Hays, 
1st Caldwell, 



2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 
50, 83, 87 



INDEX. 



135 



FLORIDA. — Confederate. 



ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. 


REGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 


DIVISION. 


CORPS. 


PAGE 


D-7, E-7. 


2a Reg. 


Perry, 


Anderson, 


Hill, 46, 52, 


55, 78, 81 


D-7, E-7. 


5th " 


11 


" 


" 46, 52, 


55, 78, 81 


D-7, E-7. 


8th " 


K 


<i 


" 46, 52, 


55, 78, 81 




GEORGIA. —Confederate. 






D-8, D-9. 


2d Bat. 


Wright, 


Anderson, 


Hill, 46, 


52, 55, 78 


D-1, E-3. 


2(1 Reg. 


Benning 


Hood, 


Longstreet, 


52, 82, 87 


D-8, D-9. 


3d " 


Wright, 


Anderson, 


Hill, 46, 


52, 55, 78 


C-14, 15. 


4th 'f 


Doles, 


Rodes, 


Eivell, 


28, 46 


D-1, E-3. 


7th " 


Anderson, 


Hood, 


Longstreet, 


52, 87, 88 


D-1, E-3. 


8th " 


" 


11 


<< 


52, 87, 88 


D-1, E-3. 


9th " 


u 


ii 


(( 


52, 87, 88 


D-4, 


10th " 


Semmes, 


McLaioSj 


<< 


52, 81, 89 


D-1, E-3. 


11th " 


Anderson, 


Hood, 


II 


87, 88 


C-15. 


12th " 


Doles, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 46 


C-17, D-13 


13th " 


Gordon, 


Early, 


" 28, 47, 


, 53, 72, 94 


A-12, D-10. 


14th " 


Thomas, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


46, 55, 78 


D-2, E-3. 


15th " 


Benning, 


Hood, 


Longstreet, 


52, 87 


D-6. 


16th " 


Wofford, 


McLaios, 


*' 


52, 89 


D-2, E-3. 


17th " 


Benning, 


Hood, 


II 


52, 87 


D-5. 


18th " 


Wofford, 


McLaws, 


" 


52, 89 


D-2, E-3. 


20th " 


Benning, 


Hood, 


" 


52, 89 


C-14. 


21st " 


Doles, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 46 


D-8, D-9. 


22d " 


Wright, 


Anderson, 


Hill, 46 


, 52, 54, 78 


D-5. 


24th " 


Wofford, 


McLaws, 


Longstreet, 


52, 89 


C-17, C-18. 


26th " 


Gordon. 


Early, 


Ewell, 28, 


47, 53, 72, 
94 


C-15, D-13. 


31st " 


II 


II 


" 28, 47, 


, 53, 72, 94 


A-12, D-11. 


3.5th " 


Thomas, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


. 46, 54, 78 


C-17, D-13. 


38th " 


Gordon, 


Early, 


Ewell, 28, 


47, 53, 72, 
94 


C-15. 


44th " 


Doles, 


Rodes, 


'< 


28, 46 


A-12, D-10. 


45th " 


Thomas, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


46, 54, 78 


D-8, D-9. 


48th " 


Wright, 


Anderson, 


46 


, 52, 55, 78 


B-11, D-10. 


49th " 


Thomas, 


Pender, 


" 


46, 55, 78 


D-5. 


50th " 


Semmes, 


McLaics, 


Longstreet, 


52, 87 


D-4. 


51st " 


II 


II 


II 


52, 87 


D-4. 


5.3d " 


<( 


II 


II 


52,87 


D-3, E-2. 


59th " 


Anderson, 


Hood, 


<i 


52, 87, 59 


C-17, D-13. 


60th " 


Gordon, 


Early, 


Ewell, 28, 


47, 53, 72, 
94 


C-17, D-13. 


61st " 


II 


II 


" 28, 47 


, 53, 72, 94 


D-6 


. Cobb's Le 


g. Wofford, 


McLaws, 


Longstreet, 


52, 89 


D-6 


. Phillip's ' 


1 II 

ILLINOIS. 


II 
— Union. 


II 


52, 89 


B-11 


. 8th Cav. 


1st Gamble, 


1st Buford, 


Pleasanton, 


22, 29, 36, 
47, 64 



136 



INDEX. 



ILLINOIS. — Continued. 



ISOMET^ICAl, 










DRAWING. 


REGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 


DIVISION. 


CORPS. PAGE 


B-12. 


12th Cav 


1st Gamble, 


1st Buford, 


Pleasanton, 22, 29, 36, 
47,64 


C-14, E-12. 


82(1 " 


1st Von Ainsberg, 3d Schurz, 


11th Howard, 26, 32, 










46, 59, 71 






INDIANA 


— Union. 




B-12. 


3d Cav. 


1st Gamble, 


1st Buford, 


Pleasanton, 22, 29, 36, 
47, 64 


E-11, E-13. 


14th Reg. 


1st Carroll, 


3d Hays, 


2d Hancock, 52, 87 


F-3, F-10. 


20th " 


2d Ward, 


1st Birney, 


3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52 


C-U. 


27th " 


3d Colgrove, 


1st Ruger, 


12th Williams, 36, 96, 
99 






LOUISIANA. — 


Confederate. 


D-18, E-15. 


1st Reg. 


Williams, 


Johnson, 


Etoell, 28, 51 


D-18, E-15. 


2d " 


II 


" 


" 28, 51 


C-18, E-14. 


5th " 


Hayes, 


Early, 


" 28, 40, 47, 95 


C-18, E-14. 


6th " 


It 


" 


" 28, 40, 47, 95 


C-18, E-14. 


7th « 


IC 


<( 


" 28, 40, 42, 47, 95 


C-18, E-14, 


8th " 


<< 


If 


" 28, 40, 47, 95 


C-18, E-14. 


9th " 


l( 


If 


" 28, 40, 47, 95 


D-18, E-15. 


10th " 


Williams, 


Johnson, 


" 28, 51, 97 


D-18, E-15. 


14th " 


II 


II 


28, 51, 97 


D-18, E-15. 


15th " 


It 
MAINE. - 


II 
-Union. 


" 28, 51, 97 


E-5, F-10. 


3d Reg. 


2d Ward, 


1st Birney, 


3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

88 

" 36, 51, 52, 83, 

87 

6th Sedgwick, 53. 89 


F-2, F-10. 


4th " 


ti 


<( 


G-5. 


5th " 


2d Bartlett, 


3d Wheaton, 


G-6, H-1. 


6th " 


3d Russell, 


1st Wright, 


53, 89 


G-9, 10, H-12. 


7th " 


3d Neill, 


2d Howe, 


" 52, 89, 99 


G-10. 


10th " 


(Three Companies at 12th Corps 


Headquarters.) 


B-13, F-6, E-2. 


16th " 


1st Paul, 


2d Robinson, 


1st Newton, 26, 46, 50, 



E-4, F-8. 17th 



F-8, E-8. 
G-2, F-l, G-6. 



E-18, G-14. 
G-14, F-15. 

G-14, F-15. 

F-14. 



19th 
20th 



58, 91 

3d De Trobriand, 1st Birney, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 

52, 83, 87 
1st Harrow, 2d Gibbon, 2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 

3d Vincent, 1st Barnes, 5th Sykes, 51 



MARYLAND. 



1st Bat. (Con.) Stewart, Johnson, 

1st P.H. B. Vols. 2d Lockwood, 1st Ruger, 

IstE. S. Vols. " 

3d Reg. 1st McDougall, " 



Ewell, 28, 51, 96 

12th Williams, 36, 95, 

99 

36, 96, 99 

" 36, 96 



MASSACHUSETTS. — Union. 
E-8, F-8. 1st Reg. 1st Carr, 



2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 
89,90 



INDEX. 



137 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

ISOHETRICAL 
DRAWING. REGIMENT. BRIGADE. 

G-14. 2d Reg. SdColgrove, 



G-5, F-9. 7th " 

F-2. 9th " 

G-5, F-9. 10th " 

E-8, F-8. 11th " 

B-13, F-7, E-12. 12th " 

B-13, F-6, E-11. 13th " 

E-9, F-8. 15th " 

E-7, F-8. 16th " 

E-4, C-3. 18th " 

E-7, F-9. 19th " 

F-9. 20th " 

E-4, G-2 22d " 

E-4, F-7. 28th " 

E-4, G-5. 32d " 

E-13. 33d " 

G-5, G-9. 37th " 

E-4, F-1. 1st Reg. 

E-4, F-8. 3d " 

E-4, F-6. 4th " 

F-9. 5th " 

7th " 

G-2, G-5. 16th " 



2d Eustis, 
2d Sweitzer, 
2d Eustis, 
1st Carr, 

2d Baxter, 
1st Paul, 

1st Harrow, 
1st Carr, 

1st Tilton, 

3d Hall, 

1st Tilton, 

2d Kelly, 

2d Sweitzer, 

2d Smith, 

2d Eustis, 



— Continued. 

DIVISION. CORPS. PAGE 

1st Ruger, 12th Williams, 36, 96,99 

3d Wheatou, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 

1st Barnes, 5th Sykes, 51, 5 

3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 

2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

80, 90 

2d Robinson, 1st Newton, 26, 46 

" " 26, 46, 50, 58, 

91 

2d Gibbon, 2d Hancock, 50, 79, 55 

2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

89,90 

1st Barnes, 5th Sykes, 51, 52, 83, 

87 

2d Gibbon, 2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 

" " 50, 55, 78 

1st Barnes, 5th Sykes, 51, 52, 83, 

87 
1st Caldwell, 2d Hancock, 50, 55, 83, 

87 

1st Barnes, 5tli Sykes, 51, 52, 83, 

87, 89 

2d Steinwehr, 11th Howard, 26, 35, 

46, 48, 94 

3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 



MICHIGAN.— Union. 
1st Tilton, 1st Barnes, 

3d De Trobriand, 1st Ward, 

2d Sweitzer, 1st Barnes, 

3d De Trobriand, 1st Ward, 



3d Hall, 
3d Vincent, 



2d Gibbon, 
1st Barnes, 



MINNESOTA. — Union. 
F-8. 1st Reg. 1st Harrow, 2d Gibbon, 

MISSISSIPPI. — Confederate. 
Davis, ffeth, 



B-12. 2d Reg. 

E-11. nth " 

D-8. 12th " 

- D-6. 13th " 

P-8. 16th " 

D-5. 17th " 



Posey, 
Barksdale, 
Posey, 
Barksdale, 



Anderson, 
McLaws, 
Anderson, 
McLaws, 



5th Sykes, 51, 52, 83, 

87 

3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

83, 87 
5th Sykes, 51, 52, 83, 

87,89 
3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

83, 87 
2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 
5th Sykes, 51, 52, 85 



2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 



Hill, 25, 32, 46, 55, 78 
32, 46, 55, 78 
" 46, 55 

Lonrjstreet, 57, 88, 89 
Hill, 46, 55 

Longstreet, 52, 88, 89 



138 



INDEX. 



MISSISSIPPI. — Continued. 

ISOMETBICAL 
DRAWING. REGIMENT. BRIGADE. DIVISION. 

D-5. 18th Reg. Barksdale, McLaws, 

D-8. 19th " Posey, Anderson, 

D-5. 21st " Barksdale, McLaws, 

B-12, E-11. 42d " Davis, Eeth, 

D-8. 48th " Posey, Anderson, 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. — Union. 



CORPS. PAOB 

Longstreet, 52, 88, 89 
Hill, 46, 55 

Longstreet, 52, 88, 89 
Hill, 32, 46, 55, 78 

" 46, 55 



E-5, E-7. 2d Reg. 3d Burling, 2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 88 

E-3, r-7. 5th " 4th Cross, 1st Caldwell, 2d Hancock, 50, 52, 83, 

87 
E-7, F-7. 12th " 1st Carr, 2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 52, 89, 

90 



1st Buford, 



NEW YORK.— Union. 

E-1. 5th Cav. 1st Farnsworth, 3d Kilpatrick, Pleasanton, 
B-13. 6th " 2dDevm, 

C-10. 8th " 1st Gamble, 

B-13. 9th " 2dDevin 



56 



3d Hays, 

Wadsworth, 



E-11. 10th Reg. 2d Smyth, 
B-12, E-14. 14th N. Y. S. M. Cutter, 

B-9, C-10, r-8. 20th . " 1st Rowley, 
D-15, E-12. 27th Reg. 1st Costar, 



F-6, E-11. 39th Reg. 3d Willard, 3d Hays, 

F-2. 40th " 3d De Trobriand, 1st Ward, 



C-17, E-13. 41st " 

E-7, F-9. 42d '* 

G-9, 10, H-12. 43d " 

G-2, G-6. 44th " 

C-14, E-12. 45th " 

C-9, 10, H-12. 49th " 

E-4, F-7. 52d " 

C-17, E-13. 54th " 

E-5, F-5. 57th " 

C-15, E-12. 58th " 

F-9. 59th " 

F-15. 60th " 



1st "Von Gilser, 1st Barlow, 
3d Hall, 3d Gibbon, 



3d Neill, 
3d Vincent, 



" 22, 29, 36, 47, 
64 

" 22, 29, 36, 47, 

64 

" 22, 29, 36, 47, 

64 

2d Hancock, 50, 55 

Doubleday, 26, 46, 61, 

96 

3d Doubleday, 1st Newton, 26, 29, 67 

2d Steinwehr, 11th Howard, 35, 46, 

48, 71, 74 

2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 

3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

83,87 

11th Schurz, 26, 33, 

48, 94 

2d Hancock, 50, 52, 55, 

78 

6th Sedgwick, 52, 89, 99 

5th Sykes, 51, 83, 87, 



2d Howe, 
1st Barnes, 



1st Von Amsburg, 3d Schurz, 11th Howard, 32, 46, 

59,71 
3d Neill, 2d Howe, 6th Sedgwick, 52,89,99 

3d Zook, 1st Caldwell, 2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 

1st Von Gilser, 1st Barlow, 11th Schurz, 26, 33, 48, 

94 
3d Zook, 1st Caldwell, 2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 

2d Kryzanowski, 3d Schimmelphennig, 11th Schurz, 32, 

45, 59, 71 
3d Hall, 2d Gibbon, 2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 

3d Greene, 2d Geary, 12th Williams, 36, 96 



INDEX. 



139 



NEW YORK. — Continmed. 



ISOMETRIC AL 












BRAWIKG. 


REGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 


DIVISION. 


CORPS. PAGK 


E-4, F-7. 


61st Reg 


. 4th Cross, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock. 50, 52, 83, 
87 

6th Sedgwick, 53, 62, 
89 


F-5. 


62d 


(( 


3d Nevins, 


3d Wheaton, 


E-4, F-7. 


63(1 


<( 


2d Kelley, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 


E-8, F-6. 


64tli 


" 


4th Brooke, 


II 


" 50, 83, 87 


G-5, F-14. 


65th 


(( 


1st Shaler, 


3d Wheaton, 


6th Sedgwick, 52, 8!), 
97 


E-4, F-7. 


66th 


i< 


3d Zook, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 


G-5, F-14. 


67th 


" 


1st Shaler, 


3d Wheaton, 


6th Sedgwick, 73, 89, 

97 

11th Howard, 26, 33, 


C-17, E-13. 


68th 


(( 


1st Von Gilser, 


1st Barlow, 












.40, 46, 74, 40, 46 












48,94 


E-4, F-7. 


69th 


(( 


2d Kelley, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 


E-3, F-7. 


70th 


<( 


1st Excelsior, 2d Brewster, 2d Hum 


phreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 












52, 89, 99 


E-7, r-7. 


71st 


" 


2d 


U It 


36, 52 
89,90 


E-6, F-7. 


72d 


(( 


3d " 


U it 


" 36, 52 
89, 90 


E-6, F-7. 


73d 


ti 


4th " 


<l l< 


" 36, 52 
89, 90 


E-8, F-7. 


74th 


ti 


5th " 


II II 


" 36, 52, 
89,90 


B-13, E-15. 


76th 


<< 


2d Cutler, 


1st Wadsworth 


, 3d Doubleday, 25, 46, 
61, 96 


H-12, 


77th 


(1 


3d Neill, 


2d Howe, 


6th Sedgwick, 52, 89, 
99 


F-15. 


78th 


<. 


3d Greene, 


2d Geary, 


12th Williams, 36, 96 


F-8. 


82d 


11 


1st Harrow, 


2d Gibbon, 


2d Hancock, 50, 55, 79 


B-13, F-7, E-12. 


83d 


" 


2d Baxter, 


2d Robinson, 


1st Doubleday, 26, 46, 
50,91 


F-3, F-8. 


86th 


" 


2d Ward, 


1st Birney, 


3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 
83, 87 


E-4, F-7. 


88th 


" 


2d Kelley, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 


C-13, F-6, E-11. 


94th 


u 


1st Paul, 


2d Robinson, 


1st Doubleday, 26, 50, 
58, 91 


B-12, E-15. 


95th 


" 


2d Cutler, 


1st Wadsworth 


, 1st Doubleday, 25, 46, 
61, 96 


B-13, F-7, E-12. 


97th 


" 


2d Baxter, 


2d Robinson, 


" 26, 46, 50, 91 


F-15. 


102d 


11 


2d Greene, 


2d Geary, 


12th Williams, 36, 96 


C-13, F-6, E-11. 


104th 


'* 


1st Paul, 


2d Robinson, 


1st Doubleday, 26, 46, 
50, 58, 91 


G-14, 


, 107th 


" 


3d Colgrove, 


1st Ruger, 


12th Williams, 36, 96 


F-11. 


, 108th 


II 


2d Smyth, 


3d Hays, 


2d Hancock, 50, 55, 75, 

78 

" 50, 55, 78 


E-11, 


.111th 


II 


3d Willard, 


II 


C-15, E-11, 


, 119th 


" 


2d Kryzanowski, 3d Schimmelphennig, 11th Schurz, 32, 












45, 59, 71 



140 



INDEX. 



ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. REGIMENT. 

E-7, F-7. 120th Keg. 

G-4. 121st " 

G-5, F-14. 122d " 

F-14. 12.3d " 

F-8, F-8. 124th " 

E-6, E-10. 125th " 

E-6, E-11. 126th " 

D-15, E-12. 134th " 

E-12. 136th " 

F-15. 137th " 

G-2, 3. 140th " 

F-14. 145th " 
r-3. 146th " 



NEW YORK. — Continued. 

BRIfiADE. BIVISION. CORPS. PAOB 

2d Brewster, 2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

89, 91 
2d Bartlett, 3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 

1st Shaler, " " 53, 89, 96 

1st McDougall, 1st Ruger, 12th Williams, 36, 96 

2d Ward, 1st Birney, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

83, 87 

3d Willard, 3d Hays, 2d Hancock, 50, 58, 78 

" " 50, 55, 78 

1st Costar, 2d Steinwehr, 11th Howard, 35, 46, 

48, 71, 74 



2d Smith, 
3d Greene, 
3d Weed, 



1st McDougall, 1st Ruger, 
3d Weed, 2d Ayres, 



B-12, E-15. 147th " 2d Cutler, 



F-15. 149th " 
G-13, F-15. 150th " 
D-15, E-14. 154th " 

C-14, E-12. 157th " 



1st McDougall, 
2d Lockwood, 
1st Costar, 



" " 26, 35, 46 

2d Geary, 12th Williams, 36, 96 

2d Ayres, 5th Sykes, 51, 85, 88, 

89 

12th Williams, 36, 96 

5th Sykes, 31, 83, 88, 

39 

1st Wadsworth, 1st Doubleday, 25, 46, 

61, 96 

1st Ruger, 12th Williams, 36, 96 

1st " 12th " 36, 96, 99 

2d Steinwehr, 11th Howard, 35, 46, 

48, 71, 74 

" 26, 32, 45, 59, 71 



G-5, F-6. 
G-5, F-6. 
G-5, F-6. 
G-9, 
E-7, F-7. 
E-2, F-7. 
E-5, F-7. 
E-4, F-7. 
E-7, F-8. 

E-10. 

G-14. 



1st Reg 

2d " 

3d " 

4th " 

5th " 

6th " 

7th " 

8th " 

11th " 

12th " 

13th " 



G-5, F-6. 15th 



151st Von Amsburg, 3d Schurz, 

NEW JERSEY.— Union. 

1st Torbert, 1st Wright, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 

" " " 53, 89 

" " " 53, 89 

Guarding Reserve Ammunition Train 

3d Burling, 2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 80, 90 

" " "36, 52, 83, 87 

" " " 36, 89 

" 36, 52, 83, 87 

" 36, 89, 90 

2d Hancock, 50, 55, 78 

12th Williams, 36, 96, 

99 

6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 



1st Carr, 
2d Smyth, 
3d Colgrove, 

1st Torbert, 



3d Hays, 
1st Ruger, 

1st Wright, 



NORTH CAROLINA. — Confederate. 



E-18, G-14. 
B-14, E-12. 
E-13, F-15. 
E-18, G-14. 
B-14, E-12. 
B-13. 



1st Reg. 
2d " 
2d Bat. 
3d Reg. 
4th " 
5th '• 



D-15, E-14. 6th 



Stuart, 

Ramseur, 

Daniels, 

Stuart, 

Rnmseur, 

Iverson, 

Hoke, 



Johnson, 
Rodes, 
u 

Johnson, 

Rodes, 
(( 

Early, 



£ ID ell. 



28, 51, 96 
28, 46 
28, 46 

28, 51, 96 
28, 46 

28, 33, 46 
28, 34, 40, 47, 94 



INDEX. 



141 



NORTH CAROLINA. — Continued. 



ISOMETRICAL 












DRAWING 


REGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 


DIVISION. 


CORPS. 


PAGS 


B-10, E-10. 


7th Reg. 


Lane, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


33, 46, 55, 78 


B-10, E-11. 


11th " 


Pettigrew, 


Heth, 


" 


46, 55, 78 


B-13. 


12th " 


Iverson, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 33, 46 


D-9, E-9. 


13th " 


Scales, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


33, 46, 55, 78 


B-14, E-12. 


14th " 


Ramseur, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28 


D-8, E-9. 


16th " 


Scales, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


33, 46, 55, 78 


\-ll, D-10, E-10. 


18th " 


Lane, 


K 


II 


32, 46, 55, 78 


B-13. 


20th " 


Iverson, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 33, 46 


D-15, E-14. 


2l9t " 


Hoke, 


Early, 


(( 


28, 34, 40, 47, 

94 

33, 46, 55, 78 


D-9, E-9. 


. 22d " 


Scales, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


B-13. 


23d " 


Iverson, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28 


B-9, E-11. 


26th " 


Pettigrew, 


Heth, 


Hill, 


32, 55, 78 


A-11, E-10. 


28th " 


Lane, 


Pender, 


<i 


33, 46, 55, 78 


B-14, E-12. 


30th " 


Ramseur, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 46 


B-13, F-15. 


32d " 


Daniels, 


<( 


u 


28, 46, 97 


A-11, E-10. 


3.3d " 


Lane, 


Pender, 


Hill, 


33, 46, 55, 78 


D-9, E-9. 


34th " 


Scales, 


(I 


It 


33, 46, 55, 78 


B-10, D-10, E-9. 


37th " 


Lane, 


K 


11 


33, 46, 55, 78 


D-9, E-9. 


38th " 


Scales, 


11 


11 


33, 46, 55, 78 


B-13, F-15. 


4.3d " 


Daniels, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 46, 97 


B-13, E-15. 


45th " 


K 


(1 


II 


28, 46, 97 


B-9, E-11. 


47th " 


Pettigrew, 


Heth, 


Hill, 


32, 46, 55, 78 


B-9, E-10. 


52d " 


a 


(( 


" 32 


, 46, 67, 55, 78 


B-13, F-15. 


, 53d " 


Daniels, 


Rodes, 


Ewell, 


28, 46, 97 


D-15, E-14. 


57th " 


Hoke, 

OHIO — m 


Early, 

IIOX. 


" 28, 


, 34, 40. 47, 95 


E-1. 


1st Cav. 


1st Farnsworth, 


3d Kilpatrick, 


Pleasanton, 56 


E-11, E-13. 


4th Reg. 


1st Carroll, 


3d Hays, 


2d Hancock, 50 


F-15. 


5th " 


1st Candy, 


2d Geary, 


12th Williams, 36. 96 


F-15. 


7th " 


" 


It 


It 


36, 96 


E-10. 


8th " 


1st Carroll, 


3d Hays, 


2d Hancock, 50 


C-16, B-13. 


25th " 


2d Ames, 


1st Barlow, 


11th Howard, 26, 33, 










34, 40, 


46, 59, 71, 94 


F-15. 


29th " 


1st Candy, 


2d Geary, 


12th Williams, 36, 96 


E-12. 


55th " 


2d Smith, 


2d Steinwehr, 


11th Howard, 26, 35, 


C-14, E-12. 


61st " 


1st Von Amsburg, 3d Schurz, 


" 


26, 32, 46, 59 












71,94 


F-15. 


66th " 


1st Candy, 


2d Geary, 


12th William.?, 36, 96, 


E-12. 


73d " 


2d Smith, 


2d Steinwehr, 


11th Howard, 26, 35, 46 


C-16, E-13. 


75th " 


2d Ames, 


1st Barlow, 


II 


33, 34, 40, 41, 
42, 43 


C-15, E-11. 


82d " 


2d Kryzanowski, 


3d Schimmelph 


ennig, 11th Schurz, 32, 












45, 59, 71 


C-16, E-13. 


107th " 


2d Ames, 


1st Barlow, 


11th Howard, 26, 33, 










34, 40, 


43, 46, 71, 94 



142 



INDEX. 



ISOMETKICAI. 
DKAWING. 

E-1. 

B-14. 

E-1. 

G-5, F-14. 

E-8, F-8. 

r-15. 

F-14. 

F-14. 
G-6, H-1. 
E-4, F-7. 

B-12, E-15. 

E-6, F-8. 

G-9, 10, H-12. 

E-4, F-5. 

E-6, F-8. 

E-€, F-8. 

E-9. 

E-9, 10. 

F-9. 

D-13, E-12. 

C-14, E-12. 

C-15, E-12. 

E-7, F-7. 

G-5, F-14. 

G-2, G-6. 
B-13, F-7, E-12. 

B-13, F-7, E-12. 

F-3. 

F-5. 

, F-5. 

F-4. 

F-5. 

F-3, F-8. 



PENNSYLVANIA. — Union. 

REGIMENT. BRIGADE. DIVISION. CORPS. PAGE 

6th Cav. Merritt, 3d Kilpatrick, Pleasanton, 50 

17th " 2d Devin, 1st Buford, " 22, 29, 36, 47, 64 

18th " 1st Farnsworth, 3d Kilpatrick, " 56 

23d Reg. 1st Shaler, 3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 89, 97 

26tli " 1st Carr, 2d Humphreys, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

89, 90 
28th " 1st Candy, 2d Geary, 12th Williams, 36, 86 

29th " 2d Kane, " " 36, 90 

46th Reg. 1st McDougall, 1st Ruger, " 36, 96 

49th " 3d Russell, 1st Wright, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 

1st Caldwell, 2d Hancock, 50, 52, 83, 

87 

1st Wadsworth, 1st Doubleday, 25, 29, 

32, 61, 96 

1st Birney, 



53d 

56th 

57th 

61st 

62d 

63d 

68th 
69th 
71st 
72d 
73d 

74th 

75th 

81st 

82d 

83d 
88th 

90th 

91st 

93d 
95th 
96th 
98th 
99th 



4th Brooke, 
2d Cutler, 
1st Graham, 
3d Neill, 
2d Sweitzer, 
1st Graham, 



3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 



2d Howe, 6th Sedgwick, 52, 89, 

99, 99 

1st Barnes, 5th Sykes, 51, 83, 87, 

89 
1st Birney, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

88, 89 
" " 36, 52, 88, 89 

2d Gibbon, 2d Hancock, 50, 55, 79 
" " 50, 55, 79 

" " 50, 55, 79 

2dSteinwehr, 11th Howard,, 35,46, 
48, 71, 74 
1st Von Amsburg, 3d Schimmelphennig, 11th Sclmrz, 32, 

45, 59, 71 
2d Kryzanowski, " " 32, 45, 59, 

71 
1st Caldwell, 2d Hancock, 50, 52, 83, 

87 
3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89. 

97 

1st Barnes, 5th Sykes, 51, 83 

2d Robinson, 1st Newton, 26, 46, 83, 

87, 91 

" " 26, 46, 83, 87, 

91 

2d Ayres, 5th Sykes, 51, 83, 88, 

89 

3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 52, 89 

" " 53, 89 

" " 53, 89 

" " 89 

1st Birney, 3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

83,87 



2d Webb, 



1st Costar, 



1st Cross, 

1st Shaler, 

3d Vincent, 
2d Baxter, 

(I 
3d Weed, 

3d Nevin, 
2d Bartlett, 

3d Nevia, 
2d Ward, 



INDEX. 



143 



PENNSYLVANIA.— Continued. 



ISOMETKICAl 








DBiWIKO REGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 


DIVISION. 


F-5. 102d Reg. 


3d Nevin, 


3d Wheaton, 


E-6, r-8. 105th 


" 


1st Graham, 


1st Birney, 


E-9, E-13. 106th 


It 


2d Webb, 


2d Gibbon, 


C-13, F-6, E-11. 107th 


(( 


1st Paul, 


2d Robinson, 


F-14. 109th 


II 


2d Kane, 


2d Geary, 


E-4, F-8. 110th 


II 


3d De Trobriand 


1st Birney, 


F-15. 111th 


<< 


2d Kane, 


2d Geary, 


E-6. 114th 


II 


Graham, 


Birney, 


E-4, F-7. 115th 


" 


3d Burling, 


2d Humphrej' 


E-4, E-7. 116th 


II 


2d Kelley, 


1st Caldwell, 


E-4, F-1. 118th 


11 


1st Tilton, 


1st Barnes, 


G-6, H-1. 119th 


" 


3d Russell, 


1st Wright, 


C-10, F-8. 121st 


II 


1st Biddle, 


3d Rowley, 


r-15. 128th 


II 


1st Candy, 


2d Geary, 


F-5. 139th 


II 


3d Nevin, 


3d Wheaton, 


E-5, F-7. 140th 


II 


3d Zook, 


1st Caldwell, 


E-5, F-8. 141st 


II 


1st Graham, 


1st Birney, 



C-10, F-8. 142d 



1st Biddle, 3d Rowley, 



CORPS. PAGB 

6th Sedgwick, 52, 89 
3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

88, 89 
2d Hancock, 55, 79, 95 
1st Newton, 26, 31, 34, 
46, 50, 58, 91 
12th Williams, 36, 96 
3d Sickles, 36, 51, 52, 

83,87 
12th Williams, 36, 96 
Sickles, 81 

, " 36, 51, 52 

2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 
5th Sykes, 51, 83, 87 
Gth Sedgwick, 53, 89 
1st Doubleday, 26, 29, 
46, 50, 91 
12th Williams, 36, 96 
6th Sedgwick, 52, 89 
2d Hancock, 50, 83, 87 
3d Sickles, 36. 51, 52, 

88, 89 
1st Doubleday, 26, 46, 

50, 91 



B-12, F-8. 


143d 


II 


2d Dana, 


" 


" 26,29,46,50,91 


E-4, F-6. 


145th 


" 


4th Brooke, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock, 52, 83, 87 


F-15. 


147th 


II 


1st Candy, 


2d Geary, 


12th Williams, 36, 96 


E-4, F-7. 


148th 


II 


1st Cross, 


1st Caldwell, 


2d Hancock, 50, 52, 83, 

87 

1st Doubleday, 26, 29, 


B-11, F-8. 


149th 


II 


2d Stone, 


3d Rowley, 












46, 50, 91 


B-11, F-8. 


150th 


u 


11 


" 


" 26,29,46,50,91 


B-10, F-8. 


151st 


(1 


1st Biddle, 


II 


" 26,29,46,50,91 


C-17, E-13. 


153d 


II 


1st Von Gilser, 


1st Barlow, 


11th Howard, 26, 33, 
48,94 


F-3. 


155th 


II 


3d Weed, 


2d Ayres, 


5th Sykes, 51, 83, 88, 
89 








Pennsylvania Reserves. 




r-4, E-3. 


1st Reg. 


1st McCandless, 


3d Crawford, 


5th Sykes, 51, 56, 88, 

89 

" 51, 56, 88, 89 


F-4, E-3. 


2d 




II 




F-1. 


5th 




3d Fisher, 




51, 88, 89 


F-5, E-3. 


6th 




1st McCandless, 




" 51, 56, 88, 89 


G-2. 


9th 




3d Fisher, 




51, 88, 89 


G-2. 


10th 




II 




" 51, 88, 89 


F-4, E-3. 


11th 




11 




51, 56, 88, 89 


F-1. 


12th 




it 




" 51, 88, 89 


F-4, E-3 


1st Rifles, 1st McCandless, 




51, 56, 88, 89 



144 



INDEX. 



REGULARS. — Union. 



ISOMETRICAL 














DftAWINO. 


KEGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 


DIVISION. 


CORPS. 


P.VGB 


E-1. 


1st Cav. 


Merritt, 


3d 


Kilpatrick, 


Pleasanton, 


5C 


E-1. 


2d " 


" 




(( 




50 


E-1. 


5th " 


<< 




(1 




56 


F-4, G-4. 


2d Reg. 


2d Burbank, 


2d 


Ayres, 


5th Sykes, 


51, 87, 88 


F-4, G-4. 


3d " 


1st Day, 




<( 




51, 87, 88 


F-4, G-4. 


4th " 


(( 




<( 




51, 87, 88 


F-4, G-4. 


6th " 


it 




<i 




51, 87, 88 


F-4, G-4. 


7th " 


2d Burbank, 




(1 




51, 87, 88 


F-4, G-4. 


10th " 


<< 




<< 




51, 87, 88 


F-3, G-4. 


11th " 


« 




(( 




51, 87, 88 


F-4, G-4. 


12th " 


1st Day, 




>< 




51, 87, 88 


F-3, G-4. 


14th " 


<i 




K 




51, 87, 88 


F-3, G-4. 


17th " 


2d Burbank, 




i( 




51, 87, 88 



RHODE ISLAND. —Union. 
G-5, F-9. 2d Reg. 3d Eustis, 3d Wheaton, 6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 





SOUTH CAROLINA. — Confederate. 


D-10, E-11. 


1st Rear. 


McGowan, 


Pender, 


D-4. 


2d "" 


Kershaw, 


McLaws, 


D-4. 


3d " 


ti 


It 


D-4. 


7th " 


<( 


It 


D-4. 


8th " 


11 


<i 


D-10, E-12. 


12th '• 


McGowan, 


Pender, 


D-10, E-ll. 


13th " 


it 


(( 


D-10, E-ll. 


14th " 


(( 


" 


D-4. 


15th " 


Kershaw, 


McLatos, 


D-10, E-ll. 


Orr's Rifles, McGowan, 


Pender, 


B-10, E-10. 


1st Reg. 


Archer, 


Heth, 


B-11, E-10. 


7th " 


ti 


(1 


B-11, E-10. 


14th '< 


<< 


<( 




TENNESSEE. - 


— Confederate. 




1st Reg. 


Arche7', 


Heth, Hill 




7th " 


<< 


(( <( 




14th " 


« 


(< i( 






TEXAS. — Confederate. 


D-2, E-2. 


1st Reg. 


Robertson, 


Hood, 


D-1, E-2. 


4th " 


(( 


II 


D-1, F-2. 


51st " 


i< 


II 




United States 


Sharp- shooters. 




1st Reg. 


2d Ward 


1st Birney, 




2d " 


n 


<( 



Hill, 33, 46, 55, 78 

Longstreet, 52 

" 52 

" 52 

" 52 

Hill, 33, 46, 55, 78 

" 33, 46, 55, 78 

" 33, 46, 55, 78 

Longstreet, 52 

Hill, 46, 55, 78 

" 25, 32, 46, 55, 62, 78 

" 25, 32,46,55,62,78 

" 25, 32, 46, 55, 62, 78 



23, 32, 35 
23, 32, 55 
23, 32, 55 



Longstreet, 



3d Sickles, 



52, 83, 85 
52, 83, 85 
52, 83, 85 



36 
36 



INDEX. 



145 



VERMONT. — Union. 



DRAWING. 


REGIMENT. 


BRIGADE. 




DIVISION. 


CORPS. 


PAG8 




E-1. 


1st Cav. 


1st Farnsw 


orth, 


3d Kilpatrlck, 


Pleasanton, 


56 




G-1. 


2d Reg. 


2d Grant, 




2d Howe, 


6th Sedgwick, 53, 89 




G-1. 


3d " 


" 




u 


ti 


58, 89 




G-1. 


4th " 


" 




a 


" 


33, 89 




G-1. 


5th " 


" 




" 


II 


53, 89 




(J-l. 


6th " 


" 




a 


CI 


53, 89 






12th " 


3d Stannard. 


3d Doubleday, 


1st Newton, 


46 




F-8. 


13th " 


" 




^< 


'■■ 


36. 40, 55 


F-f 


!, F-7. 


14th " 
15th " 


<( 




^, 


■" 


36, 46, 55 
40 




E-7. 


16th " 


ti 




n 


u 


36, 46, 55 








VIRGINIA. - 


- Confederate. 








E-9. 


1st Reg. 


Kemper^ 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 


G-18, 


F-15. 


2d " 


Walker, 




Johnson, 


Ewell, 28, 


, 51, 97, 99 




E-9. 


3d " 


Kemper, 




Pickett, 
Johnson, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 


G-18, 


, F-15. 


4th " 


Walker, 




Eicell, 28, 


. 51, 97, 99 


G-18, 


F-15. 


5th " 


" 




a 


"■ 


28, 51, 97 




D-8. 


6th " 


Mahone, 




Anderson, 


mil. 


22, 46, 55 




E-9. 


7th " 


Kemper, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 




E-9. 


9th " 


Armutead, 




it 


" 


54, 79 


E-18, 


G-14. 


10th " 


Stuart, 




Johnson, 


Ewell, 


28, 51, 9ti 




E-8. 


11th " 


Kemper, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 




D-7. 


12th " 


Mahone, 




Anderson, 


Hill, 


22, 46, 55 




E-9. 


14th " 


Armistead, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 




D-8. 


16th " 


Mahone, 




Anderson, 


Hill, 22, 46 


, 51, 55, 78 


B-10, 


E-10. 


22d Bat. 


Brokenborough, 


Heth, 


22, 


25, 32, 46, 
















51, 55, 78 


E-18, 


G-14. 


23d " 


Stuart, 




Johnson, 


Ewell, 


28, 51, go 




E-8. 


24th Reg. 


Kemper, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet 


54, 79 


D-18, 


F-15. 


25th "" 


Jones, 




Johnson, 


Ewell, 


28, 51, 87 


G-18, 


F-15. 


27th " 


Walker, 




" 


II 


28, 51, 97 


C-18, 


F-15. 


31st " 


Smith, 




Early, 


" 


28, 48, 97 


G-18, 


F-15. 


33d " 


Walker, 




Johnson, 


" 


28, 51, 97 




B-9. 


38th " 


Armistead, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 


B-10, 


E-10. 


40th " 


Brokenborough, 


Heth, 


Hill, 22, 


25, 32, 46, 
















■ 55, 78 




D-7. 


41st " 


Mahone, 




Anderson, 


Hill, 


22, 46, 55 


D-U, 


F-15. 


42d " 


Jones, 




Johnson, 


Ewell, 


28, 51, 87 




D-7. 


47th " 


Mahone, 




Anderson, 


Hill, 


22, 46, 55 


D-11, 


F-15. 


48th " 


Jones, 




Johnson, 


Ewell, 


28, 51, 8-' 


C-18, 


F-15. 


49th " 


Smith, 




Early, 


" 


28, 48, 97 


D-18, 


E-15. 


50th " 


Jones, 




Johnson, 


" 


28, 51, 87 


C-18, 


F-15. 


52d " 


" 




" 


" 


28, 48, 97 




E-9. 


53d " 


Armistead, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 


B-11, 


E-11. 


55th " 


Brokenborongh, 


Heth, 


Hill, 22, 


25, 32, 55 




E-9. 


57th " 


Armistead, 




Pickett, 


Longstreet, 


54, 79 




D-8. 


61st " 


Mahone, 
10 




Anderson, 


Hill, 


22, 46, 5£ 



146 INDEX. 

WEST VIRGINIA. — Union 

ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. REGIMENT. BRIGADE. DIVISION. CORPS. PAOI 

E-1. 1st Cav. 1st Farnsworth, 3d Kilpatrick, Pleasanton, 56 

E-11, E-13. 7th Reg. 1st Carroll, 3d Hays, 2d Hancock, ,50, 55, 94 

WISCONSIN. — Union. 

B-11, E-U. 2d Reg. 1st Meredith, 1st Wadsworth, 1st Doubleday, 25,40 

G-13. 3d " 3d Colgrove, 1st Ruger, TithWilliams, 36,96,99 

G-6, H-1. 5th " 3d Russell, 1st Wright, Cth Sedgwick, 58, 89 

B-12, E-14. 6th " 1st Meredith, 1st Wadsworth, 1st Doubleday, 25, 46 

" " 7th " " " 25, 46 

C-15, E-12. 26th " 2d Kryzanowski, 3d Schimmelpheiinig, 11th Schurz, 32, 

45, 59, 71 

B-10, 11. Reynold's Grove 25, 31 

B-11. Reynolds, Major-general, 1st Corps (killed July 1st). . .23, 24, 25, 46, 

47, 48, 62, 77 

Reynolds' Statue 118 

G-2, C-6. Rice, Colonel, 3d Brig. (Vincent's), 1st Div., 5th Corps (16th 

Mich., 44th N. Y., 83d Pa., 20th Me. Vols.1 83, 87, 89 

Ricketts, Captain, F and G, 1st Penn. Bat'y 41, 42 

B-11, 12. Ridge, Buford's 23, 60, 61 

F-8, 9, 10, 11. " Cemetery 10, 31 

A-11, 12. " Herr's 23, 24, 60, 62 (cut) 

r-2, 3. " Houck's 12,83 

E-5, 6, 7, 8,9. " Intermediate (Sickles') 13, 51, 52 

B-11, 12. " McPherson's 23, 24, 33, 60, 61, 62 

Lohr's 24, 64 

B-14, 15. " Oak 9, 28 

" School- house 24 

D-10. 11, 12. *' Seminary. . .10, 23, 26, 29, 30, 38, 51, 52, 59, GO (cut), 61, 71, 

78,88 

Whistler's 24 

Riggin, Private 41 

D-2, E-2. Robertson's Brigade (1st, 4th, and 51st Texas, and 3d Ark. 

Reg'ts) 83, 86, 87 

C-13, F-16,E-11. Robinson, Brigadier-general, 2d Div., 1st Corps. .. .26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 

36, 50, 52, 58, 91 

G-13, 14. Rock Creek 13, 38, 51, 53, 70, 71, 73, 98 

A-14. nodes' (Major-general) Division 28, 32, 34, 46, 48, 59, 76 

Rodgers, Randolph 116 

F, G-1. Round Top. . .11, 12, 15, 31, 38, 49, 50, 51, 77 (drive), 79, 82, 83, 84 

Routes to Gettysburg 4 

C-11, F-8. Rowley, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig., 3d Div., 1st Coi-ps (121st, 

142d, 151st Pa. Vols., and 20th N. Y. S. M.)... .26, 29, 46, 50, 91 
F-14. Ruger's (Brigadier-general), Division, 1st Div., 12th Corps 36, 91, 96 
G-6, H-1. Russell, Brigadier-general, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 6th Corps (5th 

Wis., 6th Me., 49th and 119th Pa. Vols.) 53,89 

Sadtler, Prof 123 

D-9, E-9. Scales' Brigade [Lourance) (13th, 16th, 22d, 34th, and 38th N.C. 

Reg'ts) 33, 55, 62, 78 

0-15, E-12. Schimmelphennig, Brigadior-general (Schurz), 2d Div., and 2d 

Brig., 2d Div., nth Corps 32, 34, 46, 71 

Schmucker, Rev 121 



INDEX. 147 

ISOJIETRICAL 

DRAWING. PAGB 

D-15, E-12. Schurz, Brigadier-general (General Schimmelphennig), 3d Div., 

11th Corps 26, 28, 32, 48, 71 

Scoby, Levi 113 

G-6. Sedgwick, Major-general, 6th Corps 53, 89 

Selleck, W. y! 113 

D-12. Seminai'y (Theological) 21, 29, 32, 39, 49, 58, 59, 78, 122 

D-12. Seminary Ridge. 9, 10, 23, 26, 29, 30, 38, 51, 52, 59, GO (cut), 01, 71, 

78, 88 

D-4. Semmes' Brigade (10th, 50th, 51st, and 53d G:u Reg'ts) 52,50, 

87, 89 
G-5, F-14. Shaler, Brigadier-general, 1st Brig., 3d Div., 0th Corps (65th, 

67th, 122d N". Y., 23d and 82d Pa. Vols.) 53, 89, 97 

E-6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Sickles' Ridge (Intermediate) 13, 61, 52 

F-5. Sickles, Major-general, Comd. 3d Corps, 13, 50, 51, 82, 83, 86, 87, 88 
G-10. Slocum, Major-general commanding Right Wing, 37, 38, 51, 91, 96, 102 
E-12. Smith, Colonel, •2d Brig., 2d Div., 11th Corps (55th, 73d Ohio, 

136th N. Y., and 33d Mass. Vols.) 26, 35 

C-18, F-13. Smith's Brigade (15th, 49th, and 52d Va., 2Gth Ga. Reg'ts) 53 

C-18, F-15. Sinith's Brigade, £arly's Division, EweWs Corps (31st, 49tli, 52d 

Va. Reg'ts) 28, 48, 97 

E-10. Smyth, Colonel, 2d Brig., 3d Div., 2d Corps (51st Del., 14th Ct., 

12th N. J., 108th N. Y. Vols.) 50, 52, 55, 78 

A-8. South Mountain 9, 22, 31, 45, 68, 78 

A-10. Springs, Katalysine 26, 106 

A~5. " Sulphur 26 

B-10. Springs Hotel 31, 39, 67, 78, 106 

Stafford, Sergeant 42 

Sherfey, Mr 81, 82 

E-8. Stannard, Brigadier-general, 3d Brig., 3d Div., 1st Corps 36, 55 

E-12. Steinwehr, Brigadier-general, 2d Div., 11th Corps 26, 35, 48 

E-13. Stevens' Knoll 38, 75 

D-16. Stevens' Run 70 

Stevens, Thaddeus 7 

Stephenson, John G 113 

B-11, 12. Stone, Colonel, 2d Brig., 3d Div,, 1st Corps (143d. 149th and 150th 

Pa. Vols.) 20, 29, 33 

Stork, Professor 121 

E-18, G-14. Stuart's Brigade (1st and 3d N. C, 1st Md. Batt., 10th, 23d Va.). .28, 

51, 96 

E-13. Suhrer, Lieutenant 43 

A-5. Sulphur Spring (]9 

E-4, F-5. Svreitzer, Colonel, 2d Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps (4th Mich., 62d 

Pa., 9th and 32d Mass. Vols.) 83, 87. 89 

G-5. Sykes, Major-general, Gomd'g 5th Corps 51, 87 

F-10. Taneytown Road 77, 102 

D-12. Theological Seminary 21, 29, 32, 39, 49, 51, 59, 78, 122 

B-12, D-9, E-11. Thomas's Brigade (14th, 35.th, 45th, and 49th Ga. Reg'ts) 33, 55, 

62, 78 
E-5, F-1. Tilton, Colonel, 1st Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps (1st Mich., 18th and 

22d Mass., 118th Pa. Vols.) 83, 87 

G-6. Tompkins, Colonel, Chief 6th Corps Artillery 51 

D, E-34. Town of Gettysburg 7, 31 



1 48 INDEX. 

ISOMETRICAL 
DRAWING. PAGB 

G-5, F, G-6. Torbert, Brigatlrer-general, 1st Brig., 1st Div., 6th Corps (1st, 2d, 

3d, and 15tli X. J. Vols.) 53, 89 

Tourist's Guide 125 

E-10. Trvnbk, Maioi'-geiieral {Petider's Division) 55, 78 

E-4, F-8. Trobriand, Colonel De, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 3d Corps (3d, 5th 

Mich., 17th Me., 40th N. Y., and llOtH Pa. Vols.) 3G, 83, 87 

Union Troops 22, 25, 34, 48, 54, 89 

Valentine, Rev. Dr 122 

G-2, G-6. Vincent, Brigadier-general, 3d Brig., 1st Div., 5th Corps (IGth 

Mich., 44th N. Y., 83d Pa., and 20th Me. Vols.) 83, 87, 89 

G-2. Vincent's Spur 11, 84 

Visiting the Field 15, 17 

C-12, E-14. Wadsworth, Brigadier-general, 1st Div., 1st Corps 23, 24, 26, 36, 

38, 84 
Walkei-'s (Stonewall) Brigade, Johnson's Div., Ewell's Corps 

(2d, 4th, 5th, 27th, and 33d Va. Reg'ts) 53, 97, 99 

G-12, E-13. Wainwright, Colonel, Chief 1st Corps Artillery 27, 35, 41, 95. 118 

Ward, J. Q. A 119 

F_3^ F_8. Ward, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 1st Div., 3d Corps (3d, 4th 
Me., 20th Ind., 86th, 124th N. Y., 99th Pa. Vols., 1st and 2d 

U. S. Sharpshooters) 36, 83, 87 

G-3. Warren, Brig.-gen. (Chief Engineer Army Potomac). . .35, 50, 86, 87 

Washington 5 

F-9. Webb, Brigadier-general, 2d Brig., 2d Div., 2d Corps (69th, 71st, 

72d, 106th Pa. Vols.) 50, 55, 78 

G-3. Weed, Brigadier-general, 3d Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps (91st, 155tli 

Pa., 140th, 146th N. Y. Vols.) 51, 83, 88, 89 

G-3. Weed's Hill (Little Round Top) 11, 83, 85 

Weigle's Mill 66 

Wentz, John 81 

F-5. Wheaton, Brigadier-general, 3d Div., 6th Corps 53, 89, 97 

E, F_4. Wheat Field 83, 87 

B-3. White Bridge 70, 104 

D-6, E-7. Wilcox's Brigade (8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 14th Ala. Reg'ts). .55, 81 
E-0, 10, 11. Willard, Colonel {killed July 2d), 3d Brig., 3d Div., 2d Corps 

(39th, 111th, 125th, 126th N. Y. Vols.) 50, 52, 55, 78 

G-11, E, F-8. Williams, Brigadier-general, commanding 12th Corps. .36, 52, 91, 96 

B, C-6. Willoughby Run 25, 47, 62, 70, 104 

0-18, F-15. Williams' (Colonel) Brigade, Johnson's Div., Eiuell's Corps (1st, 

2d, 10th, 14th, and 15th La.) 28, 51, 97 

Wills, David 112 

D-5, 6. Wofford's Brigade (16th, 18th, and 24th Ga. Reg'ts, Cohh's and 

Phillips' Legions) 87, 89 

H-16. Wolf Hill 13, 38, 75, 100, 101 

Worcester, Lieutenant 41 

G-6. Wright, Brigadier-general, 1st Div., 6th Corps 53, 89 

D-8, D-9. Wright's Brigade (3d, 22d, 48th, 2d Batt. Ga.) 55, 78, 81 

D-15, 16. York Road 73, 74 

Young, Adjutant 43 

E-4, 5. Zook, Brigadier-general (hilled July 2d), 3d Brig., 1st Div., 2d 

Corps (52d, 57th, 6Gth N. Y., and 140th Pa. Vols.). . . .83, 87, 88 
E-11. Ziegler's Grove 77 



THE 

GETTYSBURG KATALYSINE SPRING. 



The Katalysisk Spring is situated about a mile and a half west of the town of 
Gettysburg, between the Millerstown Road and Chanibersburg Turnpike, but nearer to 
the latter. It is 

A COLD SPRING, TASTELESS AND ODORLESS. 

A local tradition ascribed to it curative and restorative virtues, before the arrival of the 
armies which disputed the master)'- of the continent on its surrounding fields. But the 
tradition was di.^credited by the residents, owing to its common water taste or sensible 
properties. Stories of the confirmatory experience of some of the soldiers with its wa- 
ters, during their brief sojourn in its vicinity, caused it to be resorted to by invalids, 
after the battle, with, in many instances, the most astonishixg eesui.ts. 

THE WONDERFUL HEALING PHENOMENON r 

Presented on tiiis recent scene of sanguinary strife soon attracted general attention. It 
was proposed to erect near this Spring an Invalid Hotel, for the entertainment of the 
afflicted, and for the treatment, at the public expense, of discharged soldiers wounded 
or diseased in the public service. 

Andrew G. Curtin, then Governor of Pennsylvania, thus referred to this project 
in a published communication: — 

"The battle-field of Gettysburg is national property, bought with the best blood of 
thousands of our patriotic citizens; and whatever is calculated to increase the conven- 
iences or add to its interest in public estimation concerns the whole American people. 

" Of this character I cannot but regard the proposal to establish on it a place of enter- 
tainment, near its Medicinal Springs, for the accommodation of those who may resort 
tliither to renew their patriotism and physical health at these respective fountains." 

General Meade also indorsed it in a published letter. He writes : — 

"The plan of building a Hotel, where not only visitors to the field may be properly 
cared for, but also having the advantages of the Medicinal Spring, from which those dis- 
eased and wounded in battle may recover back the health and strength they lost in their 
country's service, seems to be an eminently proper one." 

A majority of the members of the two Houses of Congress, including the Speaker of 
the House of Kepresentatives and the Vice-President, also united in an appeal to cap- 
italists of the United States to carry out the philanthropic suggestion. 

"TO THE PUBLIC. 

" The undersigned, deeply impressed with the wonderful curative prodiov which 
appears on the battle-grounds of Gettysburg, and learning that it is the design of public- 
spirited citizens to utilize it in the cause of medical science and in the interest of hunian- 

16 



ity, by erecting in the vicinity a Hotel for the entertainment and tre-atmcut of the af- 
flicted of our own and other countries who may 



SEEK HERB THEIR LOST HEALTH, 



Deem it to be our duty to commend the proposed enterprise as eminently philanthropic 
and praiseworthy. 



' Ulysses Mehcur, 
W. P. Fessenuen, 

E. D. MOKGAN, 
ROSCOE COJJKLING, 

T. A. Plants, 

E. R. ECKLEY, 

John Thimble, 

N. B. JUDD, 

H. L. Dawes, 
William Moore, 
h. w. corbett, 
B. F. Rice, 
.1. A. Garfield, 
John A. Logan, 
Orange Ferriss, 
J. G. Blaine, 

B. F. Hopkins, 

C. D. Hubbard, 
W. B. Wasiiburne, 
B. F. Wade, 
Schuyler Colfax, 
Orris S. Ferry, 
Henry' Wilson, 

L. M. Morrill, 
John Covode, 
Oakes Amel', 
Godlove S. Ortii, 
John fonuRN, 
John Taffe, 
W. G. Coffin, 
R. R. Butler, 
W. B. Stokes, 
J. W. McClurg, 
Charles Upson, 



William H. Koontz, 
George Lawrence, 
F. C. Beaman, 
J. F. Benjamin, 
John Hill, 
H. D. Wasiiburne, 
H. L. Cake, 
Alexander Ramsey, 
George H. Williams, 
Morton C. Hunter, 
W. Mungen, 

D. A. NuNN, 
T. D. Eliott, 
Daniel L. Morrill, 
W. H. Hooper, 

Am ASA Cobb, 

B. F. Loan, 

E. Eggleston, 

C. A. Newcojir, 
W. Williams, 
H. S. Anthony, 
J. B. Henderson, 
J. M. Howard, 
M. Welker, 

W. Sprague, 
A. H. Laflin, 
H. Van Aernaji, 
George P. Van Wyck, 
William Higby', 
T. W. Ferry, 
Luke P. Poland, 

F. E. Trowbridge, 
William A. Pile, 
George W. Anderson, 



William Lougiiridge, 
J.J. Gravely, 
RuFus Mallory, 
R. P. Buckland, 
Jajies S. Marvin, 
¥. Stone, 
Richard Yates, 
Horace M.\ynard, 

A. H. Bailey, 
R. W. Clarke, 
George W. Julian, 
Charles O. Neill, 
Burt Van Horn, 

WiLLIASI M. StEW.M T, 

George M. Adajis, 
W. H. Kelsey, 

B. M. Boyer, 
Charles SIT(JRE.\^•^;s, 
John Beatty, 

Ci. F. Miller, 

C. T. Hulburt, 
WiLLiAji 1). Kelley, 
J. T. Wilson, 

J. K. jMooreuead, 
George A. Halsi:y, 
T. Van Horn, 
James W. Nye, 
F. T. F'relingiiuvsen, 
George Vickers, 
W. S. Lincoln, 
James M. Cavanaugh, 
Sidney Clarke, 
Jacob Benton." 



The original plan of the invalid hotel thus proposed was not adopted, hut instead the 
present magnificent Hotel was erected near this Spring, for the entertainment of visit- 
ors in the usual way, which is rapidly transforming this battle-ground into a 

GREAT HEALTH RESORT OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. 



So much has been said and written about the Gettysburg Katalysine Spring that 
nothing new can be added. A few quotations from medical authorities will show the 
potency and variety of its curative virtues. 

17 



Dr. John Bell, a former professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the 
Medical College of Ohio, author of a treatise on " Baths and Mineral Waters," "Min- 
eral and Thermal Springs in the United States and Canada," and other standard 
medical works, thus refers, in his published reports, to 

THE NEW POWER IN MEDICINE DISCLOSED IN THIS FLUID, 

As illustrated by its solvent effects upon those forms of calculus known as the chalk- 
stones, lumps, or nodosities of rheumatism and gout : — 

"Recourse to all known therapeutical agents and modes of treatment are ineffectual 
beyond, sometimes, a reduction of the size of the nodes of gouty or rlieumatic nature, 
by absorption of a part of the outer and investing structure. But tl>o entire reniovat of 
the inorganic body, without surgical intervention, has not, we believe, hitherto been 
brought about, by either internal remedies or external applications, or by both united. 
In the case now under notice we cannot believe tiiat the absorbent would be equal to the 
task of sucking up, as it were, the deposited inorganic matter, unless this deposit had 
been subjected to the solvent action of the blood brought to the part of the delicate 
capillaries. Whence comes this solvent property?" He further adds that "the Get- 
tysburg Water has produced signally curative and restorative effects in different 
forms of 

Dyspepsia, Sickness of the Stomach, Heart-buen, Waterbhash, Acute Netj- 
KALGic Pains, Loss of Appetite, Chronic Diarrikea, Tokpii> Liver, Gout, 
Chronic Hheujiatism, Nodosities of the Joints, approaching and 
actual Paralysis, Diabetes, Kidney Disease, Gravel, Albu- 
minuria, Irritable Bladder, Calculous Disorders of 
THE LiTHic Acid Diathesis, Nervous Diseases, 
Colonic Dyspepsia, Hematuria, Abdominal 
Dropsy, Cholera Infantum, etc." 

The N'ew York Medical Record says, editorially, — 

" From experiments made on our own person, as well as others, we can state that the 
Gettysburg Water is a: regulator of all the secretions and excretions. Under its influ- 
ence the kidneys and liver, the glands of the intestinal canal, and the skin all perform 
their normal functions; the bowels, if constipated, become regular? the skin, if dry, be- 
comes moist; tlie torpid liver is excited to healthy action, and the kidneys perform their 
functions with perfect regularity. There is a total absence of any disagreeable things 
whatever; the vis medicatrix seems roused to increased activity, and all morbid causes 
of bodily or even mental disorder seem readily to pass away. The result is, increased 
appetite and digestion, a freer circulation, a stronger pulse, a calmer mind, and a more 
tranquil sleep, a clearer complexion, and an increasing ner\'ous and muscular power." 

The United States Dispensatory, the acknowledged record of our Materia Medica, and 
the highest authority among physicians, classes the analysis of this American Spring 
of some nine years of age with those of the A-'ichy and Pyrmont, two of the most re- 
nowned medical sources of the Old World, and of as many centuries of age. (See 
revised Ihirteetith edition of this work, page 1-39.) 



This Medicinal Water is bottled and demijohned, and sent to all parts of the country 
and of the world, by the 

GETTYSBURG SPRING COMPANY, 

And by their General Agents, 

WHITNEY BROTHERS, Philadelphia. 



ADTEETISEMENT. 



Since the accompanying volume went to press a large number of orders 
have been received from railroad and steamboat companies, and the propri- 
etors of pleasure resorts for space in the " Illustrated Tourist's Guide." 
The unexpected success of this work, added to a request for its continu- 
ance from those already illustrated, has determined the author to issue 
annual editions in which will be inserted additional " Popular Resorts, 
and Routes to Reach Them," every page to be illusitrated. Sketches, 
designs, and engravings furnished, when desired. But in no case will 
orders be received except from first-class enterprises, in which the trav- 
elling public have an interest. 



TO CANVASSERS. 



The undersigned lias already completed and in hand several su])erior 
subscription Avorks, varying largely in style and prices, on which unusually 
good terms will be given to canvassers. 

ILLUSTRATED TOURIST'S GUIDE. 

A fine Edition of the Illustrated Tourist's Guide, on large, heavy, tinted, 
calendered paper, beveled boards, gilt sides, back and edges, has been 
issued for a subscription edition. 

ENGRAVINGS. 

THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG ( LOXGSTREET's ASSAULT). 

This magnificent pure line Steel Engraving, already three years in the 
engraver's hands, will be ready to publish January 1, 1874. The superior 
character of this print, issued in styles and prices to suit all, promises for it 
the best subscription publication extant. 

THE LAST HOURS OF LINCOLN. 

This splendid line and stipple Steel Engraving, containing 47 figures of 
distinguished personages, unciuestionably the best portrait piece in the 
country, will also be completed during the winter of 1873-74, and be sold 
exclusively by subscription. 

These engravings have been constantly in hand for years, and in point of 
excellence surpass anything of the kind previously attempted in America. 

HISTORY OF THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

The History of the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the richest illustrated 
books ever issued in this country, is now in the course of preparation, and 
will also be sold by subscription. 

The very best terms given to canvassers on each of these publications. 

JOHN B. BACHELDER, Author and Publishkk, 

149 Washington St., Boston .... 57 Beekman St., New York. 
(Opposite the "Old South.") 

82 



TESTIMONIALS. 



"Head-Qctarteks Army op the Potomac, Feb. Wth, 1S64. 
" I have exainlnod Col. Bacliclder's Isometkicax Drawixo of the Gettysburg Battle- 
field, and nni perfectly satisfied with the accuracy with which the topo^apliy Ik 
dcliiicared. and the positions of the troops laid down. Col. B., in my judgment, 
deserves great credit for the time and labor he has devoted to obtaining the materials 
for tnis drawing, which have resulted in making it so accurate. 

" GEO. G. MEADE, 
"■ Maj.-Gen. Vol., Comdg. Army Potomac.'^ 

"■Sept. nth, 1S64. 
" Cou Baciieldeu :— I have received the published drawing of the Battlc-fleM of Gct- 
tysbur;;. The execution of the work Is very creditable and admirably preserves the 
accuracy and fidelity which characterized the original drawing, and which I had occasion 
to commend, when you exhibited it to me, last winter. Knowing the labor you have 
Liestowed upon this work, in collecting information and embodying it in this drawing, 
1 can cheerfully recommend it to all those who are desirous »f procuring an .accurate 
picture and taithfiil record of the events of this great battle. * * * « 
" I remain most truly your.s, 

"GEO. G. MEADE, 

" Maj.-Gen., Comdg. A. P." 

" Head-Quarters Skcosd Army Corps, Pec. 2Dt/i^ 1SC3. 
"The view of the Battle-field of Gettysburg prep.ared by Col. Bacheldcr, has been 
carefully examined by me. I find it as accurate 1:is such a drawing can well be made. 
And it in accurate, as far as my knowledge extends. 

"■^"INPD S. HANCOCK, 
^ Major- Oeiteral, Comdg. 2d Corps.'" 



" In Front of Petersritrg, Va., Sept. \1ih, ISCl. 
" The drawing is most beautiful, more so than 1 expected to find it. 

"WINFD S. HANCOCK, 
^^Major-General, Comdg. 2d Corps." 

" Co]. Bachclder's IsOmetrical View of the Battle of Gettysburg is an admirable pro- 
duction, and a truthful rendering of the various positions assumed by the troops of my 
command. 

"A. DOUBLED AY, 
'^Maj.-Gen. Vols., Comdg. Ist Corpt,* 



TESTIMONIALS. 

"Boston, Sept. 23rf, IS&l. 
"Col. Baciielder : — I have examined your beautiful drawing of the Battle-field oi 
Gettysburg: and vicinity. The certificates of Gen. Meade and the Corps Commani'.erSi 
which appear on its face, est.^.blish its accuracy on the hijiheEt authority. Your jier 
sonal explorations, and your inquiries of all the commissioned officers in command of 
the Union Army, and of the Confederate otlicers made prisoners, have furnished you 
means of information not possessed, I imagine, by anj' other person. Such opportu. 
nities of observation as I had during three days passed at Gettysburg satisfy me of 
the fidelity of your delineation of the position of every regiment of the two armies 
on each of the three eventful days. * * * * \ may add, that the engraving is 
beautifully executed and colored. Wishing j'ou ample remuneration. 

"I remain sincerely yours, 

"EDWARD EVEKETT." 

" IIkad-Quaktkks Fifth Armv Coups, Sept. 2Si/4, 1864. 
** Mr. Jno. B. Bacukloer. 

Dear Sii:: — I .am exceedingly gratified with receiving a finished co[iy of your print 
of the Cattle-field of Gettysburg. I am familiar with your long and untiring labors 
in all the fields where truth could be reached, and know th.at your efforts were crown- 
ed with a success that leaves nothing more to be desired. You are authorized to add 
my name to those who bear testimony to its accuracy. 

"Very respectfully your obedient servant, 

" G. K. WARllEN, 
"■' Af<ij.-6en. VoIk., Comdg. Wc Corps." 

"Orangk, Oct. 1,1864. 
"Jno. B. Baoiiei.uek, Esq. 

'■My Dear Sir:— I have carefully examined your Isometrical Drawing of the Bat- 
tle-field of Gettysburg, with great interest and much profit. Never having been on 
that field, of course I cannot e.vpre.ss an opinion as to its accuracy— so abundantly in- 
dorsed for. however, by most competent judges; but I can say that it has given me 
u much clearer idea of the battle than I had before, and I earnestly hope that you will 
tind it convenient to illustrate others of our great battles in the same manner. 

"I am very truly yours. 

"GEO. B. MrCLELLAN." 

"IIeau-Quarteks \iv.vt a.ni> Army ok the Tennessee, OcC. 24, 1864. 

** Mr. Jno. B. Bacueldeu. 

"My Dear Sir:— I was much gratified on receiving a copy of your beautiful draw- 
ing of the 'Gettysburg Battle-field.' 1 have never seen a painting or topographical 
map that could give so vivid a rei)rcsentation of a great battle, 1 regard it as un 
honor that you have associated my name with those of other corps commanders in 
your historical picture. Be pleased to accept my kind regards. 

" Itespiictfully yours, 

"O. O. HOWARD, Major-GeneraL" 

"Col. Jno. B. Baciielder. 

"Dear Sir:— I have examined with care your Isometrical Drawing of the Gettys- 
burg Battle-field, and can cheeriully Var testimony to the accuracy of the position of 
the ti-oops on the right of our line. Yours very truly, 

" II. W. SLOCUM, 
•^MaJ.-Kien. Voii.. Coi/idu. liight Wiiig at CtttyiOvrg- ' 



DC! -1 i'3!;lt 



